HBOT Evidence Library

Abidia 2003

Abidia A, Laden G, Kuhan G, Johnson BF, Wilkinson AR, Renwick PM, Masson EA, McCollum PT. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in ischaemic diabetic lower extremity ulcers: A double-blind randomised-controlled trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2003;25(6):513–518.

Complete healing (epithelialisation): 5/8 ulcers (HBO) vs 1/8 (air). Median wound-area reduction at 6 weeks: 100% (HBO) vs 52% (air), P=0.027. By 6 months the difference in area reduction was not significant (100% vs 95%) — HBO produced

Açiksari 2019

Açiksari K, Eğin S, Hepgül G, Mirasoğlu B, Tanriverdi G, Kanber DS, Demirci S, Doğan H, Özüçelik DN, Toklu AS, Seçkin İ, Yanar HT. Protective effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on rat intestinal mucosa after mesenteric ischaemia and reperfusion. Diving Hyperb Med 2019;49(4):253-258.

Adachi 2025

Adachi K, et al. Procedure-related cerebral air embolism: Systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2025;255:108982.

Adams 2025

Adams B, Templeton A, Tsouras T, Sheldrake J, Roberts L, Lin ZC, et al. The process, logistics and governance behind a high-stakes novel intervention: the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the hyperbaric chamber. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):315-322 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.4.315-322).

Ahijón-Lana 2022

Ahijón-Lana M, Baragaño-Ordóñez E, Veiga-Cabello R, de la Cruz-Tapidor C, Carreira PE. Treatment of Raynaud phenomenon and ischemic ulcers associated to systemic sclerosis with hyperbaric oxygen. Reumatol Clin 2022;18(4):246-248.

Ajayi 2020

Ajayi OD, Gaskill Z, Kelly M, Logue CJ, Hendricksen SM. A comparison of two hyperbaric oxygen regimens: 2.0 ATA for 120 minutes to 2.4 ATA for 90 minutes in treating radiation-induced cystitis. Are these regimens equivalent? Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(4) (PMID 33227834; DOI 10.22462/10.12.2020.7).

Al Bazzal 2025

Al Bazzal H, Hassan F, Tlais M, Tlaiss Y. Advancements in the Treatment of Necrotizing Otitis Externa with Hyperbaric Oxygen: A Systematic Review. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2025;29(3):s00451809432.

No effect estimate of any kind is produced. There is no meta-analysis, no pooled proportion, no HBOT protocols across the included studies were inconsistent "with variations in pressure, duration, Quality assessment is asserted but not shown. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 1) and the

ALBalawi 2026

ALBalawi HB, Magliyah MS, Alali NM, Alshehri MM, Alhewiti A, Almarek F, Shajry I, Hazzazi MA, Alotaibi YA. Therapeutic Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2026;15(9):3530.

Pooled efficacy favoured HBOT: OR 0.47 (95% CI 0.26–0.87, p=0.02) — but substantial heterogeneity Timing: studies initiating HBOT <12 h consistently reported greater visual improvement; delayed/ Safety: adverse-event rates not significantly different between HBOT and non-HBOT (OR 0.70, 95% CI

Alberta Provincial Gynecologic Oncology Tumour Team

Alberta Provincial Gynecologic Oncology Tumour Team. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation tissue injury in cervical and other gynecological malignancies (Clinical Practice Guideline GYNE-003). Alberta Health Services, CancerControl Alberta 2011;GYNE-003:1-16.

Alde 2023

Aldè M, Cantarella G, Piatti G, Ambrosetti U. Sudden hearing loss and early hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a preliminary study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(2):145-153.

Alleva 2005

Alleva R, Nasole E, Di Donato F, Borghi B, Neuzil J, Tomasetti M. α-Lipoic acid supplementation inhibits oxidative damage, accelerating chronic wound healing in patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005;333(2):404–410.

In chronic-wound patients undergoing HBO, α-lipoic acid reduced HBO-induced lipid and DNA oxidation (directly scavenging free radicals and recycling vitamin E) and lowered pro-inflammatory IL-6; the authors propose LA as an adjuvant to attenuate HBO's oxidative side-effects and support impaired wound healing.

Almomany 2026 myocardial

Almomany M, Rawashdeh Z, Alshyyab M, Alnabulsi A, Alodat L, Alshamaly S, et al. Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Myocardial Injury and Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Systematic Review With Qualitative Synthesis. Cureus 2026 (PMID 42093774).

Alter 2026

Alter IL, Hamiter M, Han J, Leu CS, Usseglio J, Lalwani AK (Columbia University). Hyperbaric Oxygen and Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Laryngoscope 2026;136(1):91–101 (Epub 2025 Aug 1).

HBOT + MT vs MT alone: OR 2.61 (95% CI 1.86–3.68, p<0.001) for hearing recovery. Holds in subgroups: HBOT+systemic steroids vs SS (OR 2.54, 1.63–3.97) and HBOT+SS+intratympanic

Altomare 2022

Altomare M, Benuzzi L, Molteni M, Virdis F, Spota A, Cioffi SPB, Reitano E, Renzi F, Chiara O, Sesana G, Cimbanassi S. Negative pressure wound therapy for the treatment of Fournier's gangrene: a rare case with rectal fistula and systematic review of the literature. J Pers Med 2022;12(10):1695.

Altun 2022

Altun BD, Sümen SG, Dumlu A. A diving physician's experience of dental barotrauma during hyperbaric chamber exposure: case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(1):63-65.

Altun 2024

Altun BD, Sümen SG, Öçbe M, Dumlu A. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on diabetes-related oral complications. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(2):101-106 (DOI 10.22462/664).

Altunay 2014

Altunay I, Kucukunal A, Sarikaya S, Tukenmez Demirci G. A favourable response to surgical intervention and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in pyoderma gangrenosum. Int Wound J 2014;11(4):350-353.

Amonic 1969

Amonic RS, Cockett AT, Lorhan PH, Thompson JC. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in chronic hemorrhagic shock. JAMA 1969;208(11):2051-4.

Single case report. A 26-year-old man of the Jehovah's Witness denomination, admitted with painless rectal bleeding, who refused all blood and blood products. A bleeding gastric leiomyoma was excised at eventual laparotomy; the haemoglobin fell to 2.2 gm/100 cc and on the third postoperative day he showed evidence of severe cerebral and myocardial ischaemia with congestive cardiac failure. He was

Anand 2022

Anand S, et al. Utility and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a rescue treatment in complicated cases of hypospadias: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Urol 2022;18(1):39–46.

4 studies, 176 patients (101 in the HBO group) evaluating HBO as rescue for complications following hypospadias urethroplasty; studies at moderate risk of bias, heterogeneous. Suggests a possible role in salvaging compromised repairs, but the evidence is limited and non-definitive.

Anand 2025

Anand J, Pawlas N, Schetz D, Kot J. Management of acute intoxication with carbon monoxide – Polish Medical Society, Section of Clinical Toxicology position statement. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2025;38(5):457–473.

A national position statement of the Polish Medical Society, Section of Clinical Toxicology, on the management of acute CO poisoning — triage, normobaric oxygen, indications for HBOT, and long-term neurological follow-up. Note co-author J Kot (ECHM Secretary-General / National Center for Hyperbaric Medicine, Gdańsk).

Andel 1998

Andel H, Felfernig M, Andel D, Blaicher W, Schramm W. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in osteomyelitis. Anaesthesia 1998;53(Suppl 2):68–69.

Reducing barometric pressure to 375 mmHg, which reduces ambient oxygen partial pressure from In infected bone, hypoxia was found with a mean of 2.7 kPa against 5.9 kPa in normal tissue, and In a rabbit model of Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis, eradication of bone infection by HBO alone

Andren 2020 (pelvic LRTI)

Andren J, Bennett MH. An observational trial to establish the effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on pelvic late radiation tissue injury due to radiotherapy. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(3):250-255 (PMID 32957127; DOI 10.28920/dhm50.3.250-255).

Biomarkers in diabetic foot ulcers 2019

Anguiano-Hernandez YM, Contreras-Mendez L, Hernandez-Cueto MA, Munoz-Medina JE, Santillan-Verde MA, Barbosa-Cabrera RE, Delgado-Quintana CA, Trejo-Rosas S, Santacruz-Tinoco CE, Gonzalez-Ibarra J, Gonzalez-Bonilla CR. Modification of HIF-1alpha, NF-kappaB, IGFBP-3, VEGF and adiponectin in diabetic foot ulcers treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(1):35-44.

Annane 2001

Annane D, Chevret S, Jars-Guincestre MC, Chillet P, Elkharrat D, Gajdos P, Raphael JC. Prognostic factors in unintentional mild carbon monoxide poisoning. Intensive Care Med 2001;27(11):1776–1781.

Observational cohort of unintentional mild CO poisoning assessing early predictors of persistent neurological sequelae at 1 month. Apathy and headache were the main moderate sequelae. Loss of consciousness (and a second clinical predictor) were jointly associated with persistent neurological sequelae on multivariate analysis — i.e. clinical risk-stratification markers in mild CO exposure.

Annane 2004

Annane D, Depondt J, Aubert P, Villart M, Géhanno P, Gajdos P, Chevret S (ORN96 study group). Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radionecrosis of the Jaw: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Trial From the ORN96 Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(24):4893–4900.

The trial was stopped early at the second interim analysis (triangular test) for potentially 1-year recovery: 6/31 (19%) with HBO vs 12/37 (32%) with placebo — RR 0.60 (95% CI 0.25–1.41; Time to treatment failure HR 1.33 (95% CI 0.68–2.60; P=0.41); time to pain relief HR 1.00 (95% CI

Annane 2011

Annane D, Chadda K, Gajdos P, Jars-Guincestre MC, Chevret S, Raphael JC. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute domestic carbon monoxide poisoning: two randomized controlled trials. Intensive Care Med 2011;37(3):486–492.

Trial A: no difference in 1-month complete recovery with vs without HBO — 58% vs 61%; OR 0.90 Trial B: two HBO sessions were worse than one — 47% vs 68%; OR 0.42 (95% CI 0.23–0.79).

Apolo-Arenas 2024

Apolo-Arenas MD, Guerrero-Nogales L, Díaz-Muñoz CL, Caro-Puértolas B, Parraca JA, Caña-Pino A. Use of the Hyperbaric Chamber Versus Conventional Treatment for the Prevention of Amputation in Chronic Diabetic Foot and the Influence on Fitting and Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review. Int J Vasc Med 2024;2024:8450783.

Across the included studies, HBOT + standard care was favourable versus standard care alone for Frames HBOT as usable for both primary and secondary prevention of the vascular complication, and

Arieli 2019

Arieli R. Calculated risk of pulmonary and central nervous system oxygen toxicity: a toxicity index derived from the power equation. Diving Hyperb Med 2019;49(3):154-160.

Arieli 2020

Arieli R. Effect of an air break on the occurrence of seizures in hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be predicted by the power equation for hyperoxia at rest. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(1):75-76.

Arnold 2019

Arnold JF, Marmolejo V. Visualization of angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in a late tissue radiation injury of the chest wall treated with adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy using fluorescence angiography. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(1):69-73.

Aslan 2026

Aslan Y, Aktas S, Vural P, Baki AM, Inci E. Serum HSP70 levels in sudden sensorineural hearing loss and their modulation after hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a prospective controlled study. Ear Nose Throat J 2026 (online ahead of print. DOI 10.1177/01455613261471930).

Astasio-Picado 2026

Astasio-Picado Á, Jurado-Palomo J, Pozo-Aranda B, Cobos-Moreno P. Comparative Evidence on Negative Pressure Therapy and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review of Independent Effectiveness and Clinical Applicability. Medicina (Kaunas) 2026;62(1):109.

Both NPWT and HBOT are effective adjuncts in DFU management. No standardized head-to-head RCTs — the review cannot establish relative superiority or the optimal

Au-Yeung 2022

Au-Yeung KL, Selvaraj C, Amin T, et al. Effect of enriched oxygen inhalation on lower limb skin temperatures in diabetic and healthy humans: a pilot study. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(1):2-8.

Aydin 2023

Aydin F. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in children: experience in 329 patients. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2023;53(3):203-209 (DOI 10.28920/dhm53.3.203-209).

Azmi 2025

Azmi YA, Alkaff FF, Soetanto KM, Wirjopranoto S, Postma MJ, Purba AKR. The impact of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the incidence, therapy, and outcomes of Fournier gangrene: insights from a systematic review of case reports. Syst Rev 2025;14(1):25.

Azzopardi 2019

Azzopardi CP, Caruana J, Matity L, Muscat S, Meintjes WAJ. Increasing prevalence of vestibulo-cochlear decompression illness in Malta: an analysis of hyperbaric treatment data from 1987-2017. Diving Hyperb Med 2019;49(3):161-166.

Bağlı 2018

Bağlı BS, Durgut O. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as adjuvant therapy in necrotizing fasciitis of the face: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(6):679-683 (PMID 31158939).

Bagli 2018

Bagli BS, Aygun H. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy decreases QTc dispersion that increased in CO poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(6):673-677.

Bagli 2020

Bagli BS. Clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):51-57.

Bai 2023

Bai Z, Wang H, Sun H, Cui L. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the patients with venous leg ulcer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg 2023;46(10):4131–4137.

HBOT + surgery: smaller ulcer area (WMD −2.64, 95% CI −3.86 to −1.42), shorter ulcer healing HBOT + non-surgery: higher ulcer percent-area reduction (PAR) (WMD 20.82, 95% CI 5.86 to 35.79). Concludes adjunctive HBOT improves VLU healing metrics.

Baines 2021

Baines C, Vicendese D, et al. Comparison of venous, capillary and interstitial blood glucose data measured during hyperbaric oxygen treatment from patients with diabetes mellitus. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(3):240-247.

Baitule 2021

Baitule S, Patel AH, Murthy N, Sankar S, Kyrou I, Ali A, Randeva HS, Robbins T. A Systematic Review to Assess the Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Glycaemia in People with Diabetes Mellitus. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021;57(10):1134.

Bakdalieh 2026

Bakdalieh A, Siddiqui D, Chen DG, Yu M. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Versus Intravenous Thrombolysis in the Treatment of Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2026;15(7):2628.

Both treatments improved BCVA, comparably: HBOT MD −0.57 logMAR; IVT MD −0.53 logMAR. Clinically meaningful improvement: 45.8% (HBOT) vs 42.0% (IVT). Adverse events similar in rate (HBOT 11.3% vs IVT 10.2%) but different in type — ear barotrauma

Banham 2022

Banham N, Hawkings P, Gawthrope I. A prospective single-blind randomised clinical trial comparing two treatment tables for the initial management of mild decompression sickness. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(2):85–91.

Median treatments to resolution: 1 (IQR 1–1) FH01 vs 2 (IQR 1–2) TT6m (P=0.01) — fewer with the Complete resolution after the first treatment: 17/20 (85%) FH01 vs 8/21 (38%) TT6m (P=0.003). Final outcomes comparable: 19/20 (FH01) vs 20/21 (TT6m) asymptomatic at completion (P=0.97); all

Bapteste 2021

Bapteste L, Kamar Z, Mazaud A, Balança B. Air embolism during lumbar surgery in the prone position. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(3):303-305.

Baptista 2025

Baptista LA, Guincho J, Donato M, Araújo P, Amaro CE, Escada PA. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as salvage treatment for post-traumatic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):423-426 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.4.423-426).

Barnes 2025

Barnes LD, Hallum LE, Vrijdag XCE. Electroencephalographic (EEG) changes accompanying normal breathing of concentrated oxygen (hyperoxic ventilation) by healthy adults: a systematic review. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(2):154-163.

Bartek 2016

Bartek J, Jakola AS, Skyrman S, Förander P, Alpkvist P, Schechtmann G, Glimåker M, Larsson A, Lind F, Mathiesen T. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in spontaneous brain abscess patients: a population-based comparative cohort study. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2016;158(7):1259–1267.

Reoperations: 10% (HBOT) vs 45% (non-HBOT), P=0.03. Recurrence (of those who did/didn't get HBO after first surgery): 14% vs 58%, P<0.01. Good outcome (Glasgow Outcome Score 5): 80% (HBOT) vs 45% (non-HBOT), P=0.04. HBOT well tolerated

Beevor & Frawley 2016

Beevor H, Frawley G. Iatrogenic cerebral gas embolism: analysis of the presentation, management and outcomes of patients referred to The Alfred Hospital Hyperbaric Unit. Diving Hyperb Med 2016;46(1):15–21.

Time to first HBOT was the ONLY independent predictor of good neurological outcome (OR 0.94 per hour, Mean time from recognition to HBOT was 15 h — the authors' central problem: treatment was impeded by Mortality 4/45 (8.9%); good outcome (GOS-E 7–8) in 27, moderate disability in 13.

Beilharz 2025

Beilharz AG, Banham N, Gawthrope I. The incidence of cardiac arrest requiring defibrillation and defibrillation protocols in Australasian hyperbaric units. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):338-342 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.4.338-342).

Bell 2000

Bell MDD. The use of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of severe anaemia in a Jehovah's Witness. Anaesthesia 2000;55(3):293.

A letter to the Editor. It is not a research paper. It enrols nobody, measures nothing and reports no outcome. Its content is an argument in four parts about a case report published the previous year. It is filed here because it is the only published dissent attached to that case, and because a page that presented the case report alone would misrepresent the record.

Bell 2014

Bell J, Thombs PA, Davison WJ, et al. Decompression tables for inside chamber attendants working at altitude. Undersea Hyperb Med 2014;41(6):505-513.

Benites Condezo 2021

Benites Condezo AF, Araujo RZ, Koga DH, Curi MM, Cardoso CL. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the placement of dental implants in irradiated patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021;59(6):625–632.

No evidence that the risk of implant failure differed between irradiated patients who received HBOT Implant-failure risk did not depend on anatomical site.

Benix 2025

Benix L, Sukumaran MT, Lakshmanan V, Sankaran R, Kumar V. The impact of adjunct hyperbaric oxygen therapy on healing diabetic foot ulcers: a retrospective case-control study at a tertiary care center. Cureus 2025.

Bennett 2003

Bennett M, Mitchell S, Dominguez A. Adjunctive treatment of decompression illness with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Tenoxicam) reduces compression requirement. Undersea Hyperb Med 2003;30(3):195-205.

Primary recovery outcome — no significant difference. Health status score 1 at discharge was Number of recompressions — significantly fewer with tenoxicam. Median treatments to discharge Subjects requiring more than two treatments: 53 (61%) placebo versus 35 (40%) tenoxicam, a 21%

Bennett & Heard 2004

Bennett M, Heard R. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for multiple sclerosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;2004(1):CD003057.

9 trials, 504 participants (ten reports). Two trials broadly positive, seven showed no treatment Conclusion: "no consistent evidence to confirm a beneficial effect… we do not believe routine use is COI (disclosed): lead author is a hyperbaric-facility medical director (does not routinely treat MS);

Bennett 2005

Bennett MH, Kertesz T, Yeung P. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Laryngol Otol 2005;119(10):791–798.

6 RCTs, 304 subjects. Significantly increased chance of a 25% PTA hearing-threshold improvement — RR 1.39

Bennett 2012

Bennett MH, Lehm JP, Mitchell SJ, Wasiak J. Recompression and adjunctive therapy for decompression illness. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;5:CD005277.

Recompression is the universally accepted standard treatment of DCI — but there is NO randomised Two RCTs (268 patients) addressed adjuncts: adding the NSAID tenoxicam did not improve recovery

Bennett 2012

Bennett MH, Stanford RE, Turner R. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for promoting fracture healing and treating fracture non-union. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;11(11):CD004712.

No randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria — an empty review. Three RCTs were Conclusion: the review "failed to locate any relevant clinical evidence to support or refute" HBOT

Bennett 2012

Bennett MH, Kertesz T, Perleth M, Yeung P, Lehm JP. Hyperbaric oxygen for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;10:CD004739.

No significant effect on the chance of a 50% improvement in pure-tone average (RR 1.53, 95% CI Significant effect on the chance of a 25% improvement in pure-tone average (RR 1.39, 95% CI Absolute audiometric gain 15.6 dB greater with HBOT (95% CI 1.5–29.8; P=0.03).

Bennett 2015

Bennett MH, French C, Schnabel A, Wasiak J, Kranke P, Weibel S. Normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment and prevention of migraine and cluster headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;2015(12):CD005219.

Cochrane systematic review/meta-analysis of normobaric (NBOT) and hyperbaric (HBOT) oxygen for migraine and cluster headache (update of the 2008 review). 11 trials, 209 participants; trial quality poor-to-moderate.

Bennett 2016

Bennett MH, Feldmeier J, Hampson NB, Smee R, Milross C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation tissue injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;Issue 4:CD005005 (searches to Dec 2015; re-published Issue 11, 2018 — edited, no change to conclusions).

Osteoradionecrosis — mucosal coverage: RR 1.30 (95% CI 1.1–1.6, P = 0.003), NNTB 5 (246 Wound breakdown after operative treatment for ORN: significantly more likely without HBOT — Radiation proctitis (improvement/cure): RR 1.72 (95% CI 1.0–2.9, P = 0.04), NNTB 5 (single

Bennett 2018

Bennett MH, Feldmeier J, Smee R, Milross C. Hyperbaric oxygenation for tumour sensitisation to radiotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2018;(4):CD005007.

19 trials, 2286 participants (1103 HBOT, 1153 control). HBOT during radiotherapy improved local tumour control, mortality and local tumour recurrence in head-and-neck cancer (mortality reduced at 1 and 5 years; less local recurrence at 1 and 5 years). Benefits may only occur with unusual radiotherapy fractionation schemes; HBOT was associated with severe radiation tissue injury (and oxygen-toxicity seizures). Results demand ca…

Bent 2000

Bent JP, April MM, Ward RF, Packard AM. Role of otoscan-assisted laser myringotomy in hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2000;27(3):159-161.

Bernardo 2026

Bernardo ATB, et al. Global Competency of Hyperbaric Nurses: An Integrative Literature Review. International Journal of Special Education 2026;41(11s):330-349.

Bernbeck 2004

Bernbeck B, Christaras A, Krauth K, Lentrodt S, Strelow H, Schaper J, Janssen G, Mödder U, Göbel U. Bone marrow oedema and aseptic osteonecrosis in children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or non-Hodgkin-lymphoma treated with hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy (HBO): an approach to cure? -- BME/AON and hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment modality. Klin Padiatr 2004;216(6):370–378.

Between 11/1988 and 01/2001, 291 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or non-Hodgkin lymphoma (264 ALL, 27 NHL) were treated at the Clinic for Paediatric Oncology, Haematology and Immunology, University of Düsseldorf. 27 (9.3%) were diagnosed with bone marrow oedema (BME) and/or aseptic osteonecrosis (AON) on MRI, and it is these 27 who form the study. 19 of 27 received HBO; the remaining 8

Berntsson 2024

Berntsson H, Thien A, Hind D, Stewart L, Mahzabin M, Tung WS, et al. Interventions for Managing Late Gastrointestinal Symptoms Following Pelvic Radiotherapy: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024;36(5):318–334.

RCTs (1990–2023) of interventions for late GI symptoms after pelvic radiotherapy. HBO showed conflicting results; sucralfate + argon plasma coagulation increased endoscopic markers of improvement in one comparison; no firm conclusions on pain, incontinence, diarrhoea, tenesmus or QoL. Overall: small study sizes, methodological quality and heterogeneity limit support for any individual intervention.

Berry 1979 (Leeds)

Berry GH, Dixon B, Ward AJ. The Leeds results for radiotherapy in HBO for carcinoma of the head and neck. Clin Radiol 1979;30(6):591–592.

Significant gain in local tumour control (P<0.001) and survival (P<0.05) with HBO radiotherapy vs No increase in early or late tissue reactions or morbidity between groups.

Bessereau 2010

Bessereau J, Genotelle N, Chabbaut C, Huon A, Tabah A, Aboab J, Chevret S, Annane D. Long-term outcome of iatrogenic gas embolism. Intensive Care Med 2010;36(7):1180–1187.

Crude mortality 14/119 (12%) at ICU discharge, rising to 25/119 (21%) at 1 year. Neurological sequels in 45/105 ICU survivors (42.9%) at discharge (vegetative state, focal motor Independent predictors of 1-year mortality: cardiac arrest at the accident and at ICU admission, and

Bessereau 2010

Bessereau J, Tabah A, Genotelle N, Français A, Coulange M, Annane D. Middle-ear barotrauma after hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2010;37(4):203-208.

Bevers 1995

Bevers RF, Bakker DJ, Kurth KH. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for haemorrhagic radiation cystitis. Lancet 1995;346(8978):803-805 (PMID 7674746. DOI 10.1016/s0140-6736(95)91620-2).

British Hyperbaric Association 1996

British Hyperbaric Association Technical Working Party. Guide to Fire Safety Standards for Hyperbaric Treatment Centres. British Hyperbaric Association 1996:1-24.

BHA 2025 (fire safety guidelines, multiplace)

British Hyperbaric Association. Fire Safety Guidelines for Multiplace Hyperbaric Treatment Facilities. February 2025.

Bidstrup 2017

Bidstrup D, Jansen EC, Hyldegaard O. Quantitative Romberg's test in acute carbon monoxide poisoning treated by hyperbaric oxygen. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(6):551-559.

Binkley 2020

Binkley M, Kelly M, Hardy K. Cerebral arterial gas embolism in a patient with hypoplastic left heart syndrome treated with emergent hyperbaric oxygen: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(3):431-434.

Bion 2024

Bion V, Jape D, Niesen R, Angliss M, Bruscino-Raiola F, Mitra B, Devaney B. Validation of necrotising infection clinical composite endpoint in a retrospective cohort of patients with necrotising soft tissue infections. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(3):155-161 (PMID 39288918. DOI 10.28920/dhm54.3.155-161).

Bishop 2012

Bishop AJ, Mudge E. A retrospective study of diabetic foot ulcers treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Int Wound J 2012;9(6):665-676.

Blake 2025

Blake DF, Crowe M, Lindsay D, Turk R, Mitchell SJ, Pollock NW. Oxygen treatment and retrieval pathways of divers with diving-related conditions in Townsville, Australia: a 15-year retrospective review. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(2):79-90.

Blanc 2002

Blanc P, Boussuges A, Henriette K, Sainty JM, Deleflie M. Iatrogenic cerebral air embolism: importance of an early hyperbaric oxygenation. Intensive Care Med 2002;28(5):559–563.

Patients treated with HBO <6 h had a better outcome than those treated later. Among those treated Beyond 6 h, the delay was shorter in patients who recovered than in those with sequelae/death Venous air embolism treated <6 h did better; the time-to-HBO was shorter for venous than arterial

Blatteau 2011

Blatteau JE, Gempp E, Constantin P, Louge P. Risk factors and clinical outcome in military divers with neurological decompression sickness: influence of time to recompression. Diving Hyperb Med 2011;41(3):129-134.

15 of 59 divers (25.4%) had incomplete resolution at one month, all involving spinal cord lesions. Time to recompression did not predict outcome on univariate analysis. With a ROC-derived cut-off of On multivariate analysis the association reached significance but was clinically negligible —

Bliss 2020

Bliss C, Huang E, Savaser D. Safety of a continuous glucose monitoring device during hyperbaric exposure. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):13-18.

Blogg 2026

Blogg SL, Azarang A, Lance R, Tillmans F, Moon R, Papadopoulou V, Lindholm P. An echo from the past: open access repository of over 10,000 annotated Doppler audio recordings of venous gas emboli. Diving Hyperb Med 2026;56(1):8-12.

A rescue operation. Doppler ultrasound recordings of post-dive venous gas emboli have been made since the 1970s and were stored on analogue audio cassettes and digital audio tape. In 2020 the US Office of Naval Research supported an effort to gather those tapes from around the world, digitise them, and put them online. Partners included UCSD, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the Di

Boerema 1959

Boerema I, Meyne NG, Brummelkamp WK, Bouma S, Mensch MH, Kamermans F, Stern Hanf M, van Aalderen W. Life Without Blood (A study of the influence of high atmospheric pressure and hypothermia on dilution of the blood). J Cardiovasc Surg — year, volume and pages NOT ESTABLISHED; see 'Provenance' below UNRESOLVED — the reprint says 1959; the paper is widely cited as 1960;UNRESOLVED:UNRESOLVED.

At normal atmospheric pressure — three pigs weighing about 12 Kg. When the haemoglobin fell At three atmospheres absolute on oxygen. "The same experiment was repeated in a high pressure Summary as printed: haemoglobin lowered in young pigs to 0.4 per cent, the blood exchanged for

Bojić 1993

Bojić L, Kovačević H, Andrić D, Romanović D, Petri NM. Hyperbaric oxygen dose of choice in the treatment of glaucoma. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 1993;44(3):239–247.

Visual acuity and IOP: no statistically significant difference between treated and control groups, Visual-field values increased after HBO in all subgroups, dose-dependently — the increase was Authors recommend a 20-session course for initial treatment (with re-treatment when fields decline).

Bonner 2025 (HBOT-UC)

Bonner LB, Sadler C, Lindholm P, Scholtens DM, Dulai PS; HBOT-UC Consortium. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for ulcerative colitis patients hospitalized for moderate to severe flares (HBOT-UC): study protocol for a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Trials 2025;26(1):220.

No efficacy data yet — protocol only; the trial to watch that would move UC from investigational Senior author Dulai also led the positive 2018 phase-2A UC RCT already on file

Bonnington 2021

Bonnington S, Banham N, Foley K, Gawthrope I. Oxygen toxicity seizures during United States Navy Treatment Table 6: An acceptable risk in monoplace chambers? Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(2):167-172.

Borab 2017

Borab Z, Mirmanesh MD, Gantz M, Cusano A, Pu LLQ. Systematic review of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of radiation-induced skin necrosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2017;70(4):529–538.

8 articles (1 observational cohort, 5 case series, 2 case reports) — no controlled trials. They describe improvement in symptoms and wounds with HBO for radiation-induced skin necrosis. Late radiation tissue injury affects an estimated 5–15% of long-term cancer survivors; HBO is not currently a first-line option for all patients but may aid selected chronic non-healing radiation skin wounds.

Bosco 2016

Bosco G, Garetto G, Rubini A, Paoli A, Dalvi P, Mangar D, Camporesi EM. Safety of transport and hyperbaric oxygen treatment in critically-ill patients from Padua hospitals into a centrally-located, stand-alone hyperbaric facility. Diving Hyperb Med 2016;46(3):155-159.

Bosco 2018

Bosco G, Rizzato A, Vezzani G, Zanon V, Camporesi E. Therapeutic Mechanisms of Action for Hyperbaric Oxygen on Femoral Head Necrosis. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment in Research and Clinical Practice — Mechanisms of Action in Focus. IntechOpen 2018 (Chapter 2).

Mechanistic account for HBO in femoral head necrosis (FHN/AVN): increased oxygen tension in

Bouachour 1996

Bouachour G, Cronier P, Gouello JP, Toulemonde JL, Talha A, Alquier P. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of crush injuries: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Trauma 1996 Aug;41(2):333–9.

Complete healing: 17/18 (HBOT) vs 10/18 (placebo), P < 0.01. Repeat surgery (skin flap/graft, vascular surgery, or amputation): 1 (HBOT) vs 6 (placebo), Effect concentrated by risk: in patients 40 years with grade III soft-tissue injury,

Bove 2008

Bove AA. Cardiovascular aspects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In: Physiology and Medicine of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Elsevier/Saunders. Chapter 25 2008:573-586.

Boyko & Carberry 2025

Boyko M, Carberry R. Reviewer Comment on Elfil et al. "Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Can J Neurol Sci 2025.

A commentary/peer-review note (not primary evidence) critically appraising the Elfil 2025 CRAO meta-analysis that this wiki cites as a positive synthesis. It accepts the physiological rationale (inner-retinal oxygen supply rises from ~50% to ~97% under hyperbaric oxygenation) but flags several limitations of the pooled evidence.

Bradley 2020

Bradley KR, Krassow JL, Richards MF, Beckstrand DP, Wolf EG. Chronic decompression illness cognitive dysfunction improved with hyperbaric oxygen: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):131-137.

Brady 1981

Brady LW, Plenk HP, Hanley JA, Glassburn JR, Kramer S, Parker RG. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carcinoma of the cervix--stages IIB, IIIA, IIIB and IVA: results of a randomized study by the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1981;7(8):991–998.

No significant difference in survival between the air and HBO arms. More deaths from complications / intercurrent disease in the HBO arm: 5/19 (HBO) vs 2/29 (air) — a

Brady 2022

Brady NJ, Patel PS, Moayedi S, Sward D. A novel source of carbon monoxide for suicide attempt. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(3):329-331.

Brenna 2024

Brenna CT, Salvatori M, Khan S, Djaiani G, Schiavo S, Katznelson R. The role of routine cardiac investigations before hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2024;54(2):120-126 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.2.120-126).

Bronshteyn 2024

Bronshteyn V, Hendriksen SM, Lee SJ, Logue C. Surviving cardiac arrest after carbon monoxide poisoning treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(1):37-40 (PMID 38615351).

Brouwer 2020

e1. Brouwer RJ, Lalieu RC, Hoencamp R, van Hulst RA, Ubbink DT. A systematic review and meta-analysis of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcers with arterial insufficiency. J Vasc Surg 2020;71(2):682–692.

11 studies, 729 patients (7 RCTs, 2 controlled clinical trials, 2 retrospective cohorts); 4 used for quantitative synthesis. DFU with arterial insufficiency (PAOD). Major amputations significantly fewer with HBO: 10.7% vs 26.0%; risk difference 15% (95% CI 6–25%); P=0.002; NNT 7 (95% CI 4–20). No significant difference for minor amputations.

Brouwer 2024

Brouwer RJ, van Reijen NS, Dijkgraaf MG, Hoencamp R, Koelemay MJW, van Hulst RA, Ubbink DT. Economic analysis of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(4):265–274.

Cost (ITT): mean difference €3,791 in favour of higher HBOT cost, but the BCA 95% CI was very QALYs: 0.54 (HBOT+SC) vs 0.56 (SC); difference −0.02, not significant. No benefit for Wagner stage II; cost-per-limb-saved estimates were highly uncertain (very wide CIs).

Brown 1994

Brown DR, Davis NL, Lepawsky M, Cunningham J, Kortbeek J. A multicenter review of the treatment of major truncal necrotizing infections with and without hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Am J Surg 1994;167(5):485–489.

Mortality 9/30 (30%) with HBO vs 10/24 (42%) without — NOT statistically significant. The study failed to show that HBO reduced mortality or the number of debridements. Selection bias acknowledged: the HBO group had more clostridial infections and was younger (i.e.

Brummelkamp 1963

Brummelkamp WH, Boerema I, Hoogendyk L. Treatment of clostridial infections with hyperbaric oxygen drenching. A report on 26 cases. Lancet 1963;1(7275):235-8.

An uncontrolled consecutive series of 26 patients with clostridial infection (Clostridium welchii) treated in the hyperbaric chamber at the University Surgical Clinic, Wilhelmina Gasthuis, Amsterdam. The paper states that treatment of gas-gangrene and other anaerobic infections began in Amsterdam in November, 1960, as an offshoot of work on high atmospheric pressure in cardiac surgery that had bee

Brunner 2025

Brunner A, Lindenmann J, Pistracher K, Micko A, Pichler A, Enzinger C, Smolle-Jüttner F, Wolfsberger S, Kurschel-Lackner S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for brain abscesses: A useful adjuvant treatment for a faster recovery. Neurosurgical Review 2025;48:583 (article number 583; the journal does not print a page range or an issue number for this article).

Radiological, 6 months — no residual abscess in 20 patients (80%) with HBOT vs 14 patients (46.7%) Radiological, 3 months — no residual abscess in 6 patients (24%) with HBOT vs 3 patients (10%) Radiological, 12 months — 20 patients (80%) vs 17 patients (56%), p = 0.477 (the difference had

Buckley 2011

Buckley NA, Juurlink DN, Isbister G, Bennett MH, Lavonas EJ. Hyperbaric oxygen for carbon monoxide poisoning. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011;4:CD002041.

Six RCTs (1361 participants). Pooled random-effects OR for neurological deficits 0.78 (95% CI Two trials found benefit at 1 month; four did not. Design/analysis flaws in all trials: the

Buettner 2007

Buettner MF, Wolkenhauer D. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of open fractures and crush injuries. Emerg Med Clin North Am 2007;25(1):177–188.

A narrative review written by a hyperbaric physician and a hyperbaric technologist at a wound and hyperbaric clinic in Iowa, for the Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America. It is a teaching article: its stated purpose is that emergency physicians should familiarise themselves with hyperbaric oxygen because of their role in the early management of these injuries. It states no research question

Bulsara 2019

Bulsara VM, Bulsara MK, Lewis E (Australia). Protocol for prospective randomised assessor-blinded pilot study comparing hyperbaric oxygen therapy with PENtoxifylline+TOcopherol± CLOdronate for the management of early osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. BMJ Open 2019;9(3):e026662.

None — protocol only. Outcomes (ORN resolution, pain, quality of life) will appear in the results

Bulutlar 2024b

Bulutlar E, Yilmaz A, Uluutku Bulutlar GB, Aslan Y, Bozdağ HN, Küçükodaci Z. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats detorsioned after experimental ovarian torsion. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(1):16-22 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.1.16-22).

Burman 2009

Burman F, Sheffield R, Posey K. Decision process to assess medical equipment for hyperbaric use. Undersea Hyperb Med 2009;36(2):137-144.

Burman 2025 (electrical safety in hyperbaric facilities)

Burman F. Electrical safety in hyperbaric facility. 2025:11-13 (conference/《chapter》 material; no journal stated on the source).

Butler 2018

Butler FK, Hagan C, Van Hoesen K, Murphy-Lavoie H. Management of central retinal artery occlusion following successful hyperbaric oxygen therapy: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(1):101-107.

Cade 1967

Cade IS, McEwen JB. Megavoltage radiotherapy in hyperbaric oxygen: a controlled trial. Cancer 1967;20(5):817–821.

Site-specific result: a survival benefit was suggested for bladder carcinoma with HBO (The UNSW appraisal cats/Cade records "no evidence of improved survival with the addition of HBO to

Cade 1978 (Cade2)

Cade IS, McEwen JB, Dische S, Saunders MI, et al. (MRC Working Party). Hyperbaric oxygen and radiotherapy: a Medical Research Council trial in carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Radiol 1978;51(611):876–878.

No benefit was shown with the use of hyperbaric oxygen (survival/local control) vs air.

Camporesi 2010

Camporesi EM, Vezzani G, Bosco G, Mangar D, Bernasek TL. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Femoral Head Necrosis. J Arthroplasty 2010;25(6 Suppl):118–123.

Significant pain improvement with HBO after 20 treatments; range of motion improved significantly At 7-year follow-up all patients remained substantially pain-free and none required hip

Camporesi 2017

Camporesi E, Vezzani G, Zanon V, Manelli D, Enten G, Quartesan S, Bosco G. Review on hyperbaric oxygen treatment in femoral head necrosis. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(6):497-508.

Canarslan-Demir 2023

Canarslan-Demir K, Ozgok-Kangal K, Saatci-Yasar A, Akif Erdol M, Koc B. Analysis of the cardiovascular effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in diabetic patients. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(4):425-431 (DOI 10.22462/01.01.2023.6).

Canarslan Demir 2023

Canarslan Demir K, Turgut B, Ozgok Kangal K, Zaman T, Şimşek K. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in delayed post-hypoxic encephalopathy following inhalation of liquefied petroleum gas: a case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2023;53(4):351-355 (DOI 10.28920/dhm53.4.351-355).

Canarslan Demir 2024

Canarslan Demir K, Turgut B, Sariyerli Dursun GB, Konyalioğlu FS, Zaman T. The role of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in the management of spondylodiscitis. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2024;54(3):162-167 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.3.162-167).

Canarslan Demir 2025

Canarslan Demir K, Avci AU, Yüsra Abayli S, Konyalioglu FS, Turgut B. Longitudinal study of changes in pulmonary function among inside attendants of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(1):11-17 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.1.11-17).

Canarslan Demir 2025

Canarslan Demir K, Avci AU, Ozgok Kangal MK, Ceylan B, Abayli SY, Ozler I, Yilmaz KB. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for managing cancer treatment complications: a safety evaluation. Medicina (Kaunas) 2025;61(3):385.

Canarslan-Demir 2025

Canarslan-Demir K, Yel AK, Aydın G, Zaman T. Healing fragile bones: a case report on hyperbaric oxygen therapy in pycnodysostosis. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(2):191-194 (PMID 40544148. DOI 10.28920/dhm55.2.191-194).

Cao 2025

Cao Y, Tang P, Tan H, Ma W, Chai H, Lin B, Zhu Y, Xiao W, Wen T, Zhang J, Li Y, Liu S. Application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in femoral head necrosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EFORT Open Rev 2025;10(7):466–474.

Pre-post (within HBO): significant improvement — VAS pain MD −2.94 (P<0.0001), SF-12 PCS MD +17.28, Between-group (HBO vs non-HBO): NOT significant — SF-12 PCS MD −0.39 (P=0.92), SF-12 MCS +0.76

Capelli-Schellpfeffer & Gerber 1999

According to. Capelli-Schellpfeffer M, Gerber GS. THE USE OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN IN UROLOGY. J Urol 1999;162(3 Pt 1):647–654.

HBO is a treatment alternative for ischaemic processes unresponsive to conventional therapy; particularly useful for intractable haemorrhagic cystitis after pelvic radiation. Patient-selection factors and absolute contraindications (active viral disease, untreated pneumothorax, concurrent doxorubicin/cisplatin) discussed. Further investigation warranted for necrotising fasciitis (Fournier's gangrene), post-traumatic ischaemic…

Cardinal 2018

Cardinal J, Slade A, McFarland M, Keihani S, Hotaling JN, Myers JB (University of Utah). Scoping Review and Meta-analysis of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis. Curr Urol Rep 2018;19(6):38.

13 studies, 602 patients who received HBO for hemorrhagic radiation cystitis (HRC); 84% had partial or complete resolution. Only 1 randomised study (2012); recent series confirmed safety/efficacy and identified predictors of success vs failure. Earlier HBO initiation and lower-grade haematuria tend to predict better response (risk factors for success/failure identified).

Carlson 1992

Carlson S, Jones J, Brown M, Hess C. Prevention of hyperbaric-associated middle ear barotrauma. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21(12):1468–1471.

No reduction in middle-ear barotrauma with the decongestant — approximately the same proportion in No subject developed gross haemorrhage or tympanic-membrane rupture (Teed 5).

Carter 2026

Carter MJ, Eckert KA, Fife CE, Gelly HB. Systematic Review of Comparative Studies Evaluating Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Skin Flap and Graft Surgical Indications. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2026;14(5):e7750.

Four RCTs → significant overall effect on flap/graft survival within 4 weeks (log-OR 1.045, SE 0.31, Evidence levels very-low to moderate; 11 strong + 13 conditional recommendations, including a

Casillas 2019

Casillas S, Galindo A, Camarillo-Reyes LA, Varon J, Surani SR. Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygenation Versus Normobaric Oxygenation Therapy in Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2019;11(10):e5916.

Concludes HBO is effective in moderate-to-high-risk CO poisoning and should be the therapy of choice Acknowledges the literature is heterogeneous and conflicting — trials differ in severity thresholds,

Cavaliere 2022

Cavaliere M, De Luca P, Scarpa A, et al. Combination of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Oral Steroids for the Treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Early or Late? Medicina (Kaunas) 2022;58(10):1421.

HBOT + OS and HBOT-alone groups both improved auditory function (p<0.05). Timing-dependent: HBOT was the best choice when started ≤7 days from onset; HBOT + OS was best Audiogram-shape dependent: downsloping and flat SSNHL improved most with HBOT + OS; upsloping did

Çevik 2020

Çevik MÖ, Bağli BS, Çevik SG. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment results in a group of Turkish central retinal artery occlusion patients with a combined presence of thrombophilic mutations. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):65-73.

Chambers 2011

Chambers AC, Leaper DJ. Role of oxygen in wound healing: a review of evidence. J Wound Care 2011;20(4):160-164.

Chandrinou 2020

Chandrinou A, Korompeli A, Grammatopoulou E, Gaitanou K, Tsoumakas K, Fildissis G. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head: Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and quality of life. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(4):561-569.

Chang 1973

Chang CH, Conley JJ, Herbert C Jr (New York). RADIOTHERAPY OF ADVANCED CARCINOMA OF THE OROPHARYNGEAL REGION UNDER HYPERBARIC OXYGENATION: AN INTERIM REPORT. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med 1973;117(3):509–516.

An interim analysis reporting increased tumour regression / local response in the HBO-radiotherapy

Chang 2026

Chang GH, Wong CH, Lee AT, Cheng YC, Liu WC. Stellate ganglion block combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a retrospective three-arm study. Life (Basel) 2026;16(8):1349.

Khandelwal 2013 [slug 'chaudhary' is a legacy misnomer; first author is Khandelwal S]

Khandelwal S, Chaudhary P, Poddar DD, Saxena N, Singh RA, Biswal UC. Comparative Study of Different Treatment Options of Grade III and IV Diabetic Foot Ulcers to Reduce the Incidence of Amputations. Clin Pract 2013;3(1):e9.

Complete healing: 40% (antiseptic) vs 60% (HBO) vs 80% (rhPDGF) — difference across groups Mean healing time similar (6.75 / 6.83 / 7.6 weeks; P=0.65, NS); amputation difference not Confounder: the PDGF arm had larger mean baseline ulcers (9.90 vs 14.91 vs 19.26 cm²; P=0.059),

Chaushu 2023

Chaushu H, Ungar OJ, Abu Eta R, Handzel O, Muhanna N, Oron Y. Spontaneous recovery rate of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Clin Otolaryngol 2023;48(3):395–402.

Pooled spontaneous recovery ≈ 60.28% (95% CI 38.88–79.94%), heterogeneity I²=86.0%. Conclusion: spontaneous recovery of ISSNHL is high (close to 60%) and should not be overlooked —

Chen 2003

Chen CE, Shih ST, Fu TH, Wang JW, Wang CJ. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Osteomyelitis: A Preliminary Report. Chang Gung Med J 2003;26(2):114–21.

The wounds healed in 11 patients, a 79% success rate. No recurrence at an average follow-up of 15 Average number of HBO treatments: 33.6 (range, 30 to 60). Surgical procedures during HBO averaged 1.6 (range, 0 to 3), on top of the 5.4 performed before it.

Chen 2017

Chen CY, Wu RW, Hsu MC, Hsieh CJ, Chou MC. Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Healing of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 2017;44(6):536–545.

Complete ulcer closure: 25% (5/20) HBOT vs 5.5% (1/18) control (P=.001). Amputation rate: 5% HBOT vs 11% control (χ²=15.204, P=.010). Statistically significant improvements in inflammation index, wound blood flow, and HRQoL (SF-36)

Chen 2021

Chen C, Hu H, Chen RY. Varied effects exerted on sudden sensorineural hearing loss through HBO2 therapeutic pressure. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(4):417-424.

Chen / IWGDF 2023

Chen P, Vilorio NC, Dhatariya K, Jeffcoate W, Lobmann R, McIntosh C, Piaggesi A, Steinberg J, Vas P, Viswanathan V, Wu S, Game F (IWGDF Editorial Board). Guidelines on interventions to enhance healing of foot ulcers in people with diabetes (IWGDF 2023 update). Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024;40(3):e3644 (published online 2023-05-25).

The current IWGDF evidence-based guideline (GRADE method: PICO questions, systematic review, summary-of- judgement tables) on wound-healing interventions for diabetes-related foot ulcers — 29 recommendations. It is the update of the 2019 IWGDF guideline and thus supersedes the 2016 systematic review (evidence/game-2016-iwgdf) as the standing IWGDF position.

Chen 2024

Chen P, Vilorio NC, Dhatariya K, Jeffcoate W, Lobmann R, McIntosh C, Piaggesi A, Steinberg J, Vas P, Viswanathan V, Wu S, Game F (IWGDF). Effectiveness of interventions to enhance healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes: A systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024;40(3):e3786.

RCT-only methodology (re-evaluating older studies against modern reporting/RoB standards); the graded For HBO, the paired guideline conditionally recommends adjunctive HBO in ischaemic/neuro-ischaemic DFU

Chen 2024

(Retracted Publication). Chen XC, Chen HR, Lu SJ, et al. Retracted. PDF on file (marked RETRACTED). RETRACTED: Application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in diabetic foot ulcers: A meta‐analysis. Int Wound J 2024.

Cheung 2017

Cheung B, Oreopoulos G, Evans AW, Katznelson R. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion injury following dialysis access-steal syndrome: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(5).

Chi 2018

Chi T-H, Chiang MC, Chen RF, Yuan CH. Does the addition of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to conventional treatment modalities influence the outcome of soldiers with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss? J R Army Med Corps 2018 (accepted 31 Oct 2017).

Early recovery (Siegel's criteria, days 8 and 13): no significant difference between groups. Final outcome: Group B (HBOT) 80.0% partial/complete recovery vs Group A 46.7% (P<0.05). No significant side effects in either group.

Chiabo 2024

Chiabo J, Kauert A, Casolla B, Contenti J, Nahon-Esteve S, Baillif S, Arnaud M. Efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy monitored by fluorescein angiography in patients with retinal artery occlusion. Br J Ophthalmol 2024;108(7):956–962.

Retinal revascularisation on FA: 48.4% by day 14, 87.1% by day 21. Mean BCVA 1.51 → 1.10 logMAR at 1 month; 15/31 (48.4%) achieved the ≥0.3 logMAR endpoint. Safety: 6/31 (19.4%) minor barotrauma, none requiring discontinuation. Better response in

Chin 2001

Chin KF, Xie YS, Abidia A, Laden G, Greenman J, Monson JRT, Grout P, McCollum PT. The relationship of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic patients with leg ulcers: a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Undersea Hyperb Med 2001;28(Suppl):abstract Q112 (34th UHMS Annual Scientific Meeting).

No baseline VEGF difference between arms (376.5 ± 184.6 vs 424.7 ± 317.8 pg/ml; P=0.08). Within the oxygen arm, a significant drop in serum VEGF after the first cycle (P=0.008); no But no significant between-group difference in the summary measures (maximum decrease/increase,

Chin 2017

Chin W, Joo E, Ninokawa S, Popa DA, Covington DB. Efficacy of the U.S. Navy Treatment Tables in treating DCS in 103 recreational scuba divers. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(5):399-405.

Cho 2018

Cho I, Lee H-M, Choi S-W, Kong S-K, Lee I-W, Goh E-K, Oh S-J. Comparison of Two Different Treatment Protocols Using Systemic and Intratympanic Steroids with and without Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Severe to Profound Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Audiology & Neurotology 2018;23(4):199–207.

Study (HBOT) group had significantly better thresholds at 500 Hz (p<0.05) at 1 month and 1 kHz (p<0.05) Average PTA and PTA at 2, 4, 8 kHz: no significant difference. WDS improvement significantly higher with HBOT at 3 months (ITT 66.4% vs 56.7%, p=0.029;

Choi 2021

Choi S, Kim HH, Oh SB, Jung YS. Repetitive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(4).

Chong 2011

Chong SJ, Tan MK, Liang W, Kim SJ, Soh CR. Maintenance of negative-pressure wound therapy while undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Diving Hyperb Med 2011;41(3):147–150.

No difference in pain scores between HBOT-with-NPWT and HBOT-without. NPWT continued to extract exudate during HBOT (5–12 mL aspirated). 5/6 patients had better dressing appearance when NPWT was maintained during HBOT (P=0.006), i.e.

Chong 2013

Chong SJ, Kan EM, Song C, Soh CR, Lu J. Characterization of early thermal burns and the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment: a pilot study. Diving Hyperb Med 2013;43(3):157–161.

WBC and IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ were significantly elevated 24 h post-burn, but no significant HBOT had no significant effect on burn depth (LDI/histology). Recruitment much slower than planned → far fewer patients than intended (underpowered).

Chu 2026

Chu HT, Zhao H, Wang SS, Meng X, Wang D, Zhu XB, Wang Y, Yang XW. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy modulates immune aging in a personalized manner: a linear mixed-effects analysis. Immun Ageing 2026.

Chua 2022

Chua ME, Kim JJK, Ming JM, De Jesus MJ, See MC 4th, Bagli DJ, Rickard M, Koyle MA, Lorenzo AJ. The utilization of hyperbaric oxygenation therapy in hypospadias repair: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urol Nephrol 2022;54(2):273–285.

5 comparative studies, 576 cases (301 HBO vs 275 control). Fewer hypospadias repair failures RR 0.52 (95% CI 0.37–0.72); graft failure RR 0.20 (0.05–0.75) (buccal-graft All studies serious risk of bias (confounding); low-quality evidence — HBO "was able to reduce" failure

Chuck 2008

Chuck AW, Hailey D, Jacobs P, Perry DC. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcers. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2008;24(2):178–183.

HBO was cost-saving AND more effective (dominant): 12-year cost CND$40,695 with HBOT vs CND$49,786 Budget impact of treating prevalent Canadian DFU cases estimated at CND$14.4–19.7 million/year over

Churchill-Davidson 1955

Churchill-Davidson I, Sanger C, Thomlinson RH. High-pressure oxygen and radiotherapy. Lancet 1955;268(6874):1091–1095.

The first clinical paper of the hyperbaric-radiotherapy era, and, through it, the first clinical paper of modern hyperbaric medicine. Its opening sentence describes it as "A PRELIMINARY investigation" into irradiating carcinomata in patients breathing oxygen at a pressure of three atmospheres absolute (30 lb. per square inch gauge pressure). The idea came from Gray et al. (1953), whose work on pla

Cianci 2013

Cianci P, Slade JB Jr, Sato RM, Faulkner J. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of thermal burns. Undersea Hyperb Med 2013;40(1):89–108.

Reports a "significant and consistently positive body of evidence" that HBO prevents dermal States the vast majority of clinical reports show reduced mortality, length of stay, number of surgeries

Cianci 2021

Cianci P, Sato RM, Faulkner J. Hyperbaric oxygen for thermal burns. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(4):449-468.

Cihan 2009

Cihan YB, Uzun G, Yildiz S, Dönmez H. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation-induced brain necrosis in a patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Surg Oncol 2009;100(8):732-735.

Clarke 2008

Clarke RE, Tenorio LMC, Hussey JR, Toklu AS, Cone DL, Hinojosa JG, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment of Chronic Refractory Radiation Proctitis: A Randomized and Controlled Double-Blind Crossover Trial With Long-Term Follow-Up. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008;72(1):134–143.

Mean SOMA-LENT improvement nearly double with HBOT (5.00 vs 2.61, p=0.0019); group mean lower Responders by clinical assessment: 88.9% vs 62.5% (p=0.0009). Absolute risk reduction 32%, NNT 3 after initial allocation; ITT analysis stronger (p=0.0006).

Clarke 2017

Clarke R. Health care worker decompression sickness: incidence, risk and mitigation. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(6):509-519.

Clarke 2020

Clarke R. Monoplace chamber treatment of decompression illness: review and commentary. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(3):264-272.

Clarke & Van Meter 2024

Clarke RE, Van Meter K. Medical and surgical management of pneumothorax in diving and hyperbaric chambers. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(1):17-28.

Cochlear implant and scuba 2018

Zeitler DM, Almosnino G, Holm JR. Stability of residual hearing and cochlear implant function following multiple scuba dives. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(3):371-376.

Columbo 2015

Columbo JA, Ptak JA, Buckey JC, Walsh DB. Hyperbaric oxygen for patients with above-knee amputations, persistent ischemia, and nonreconstructable vascular disease. J Vasc Surg 2015;63(4):1082–1084.

All four patients healed their amputation stumps and were fit with prostheses. At most-recent follow-up, all were ambulating and using their prostheses — hip disarticulation averted.

Commons 2013

Commons KH, Blake DF, Brown LH. A prospective analysis of independent patient risk factors for middle ear barotrauma in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber. Diving Hyperb Med 2013;43(3):143-147.

Cooper 2009 (Part I)

Cooper PD, Van den Broek C, Smart DR, Nishi RY, Eastman D. Hyperbaric chamber attendant safety I: Doppler analysis of decompression stress in multiplace chamber attendants. Diving Hyperb Med 2009;39(2):63-70.

Cooper 2009

Cooper PD, Van den Broek C, Smart DR. Hyperbaric chamber attendant safety II: 14-year staff health review of multiplace chamber attendants. Diving Hyperb Med 2009;39(2):71-76.

Costa 2019

Costa DA, Ganilha JS, Barata PC, Guerreiro FG. Seizure frequency in more than 180,000 treatment sessions with hyperbaric oxygen therapy — a single centre 20-year analysis. Diving Hyperb Med 2019;49(3):167-174.

Cronje 1998

Cronje FJ. A review of the Marx protocols: prevention and management of osteoradionecrosis by combining surgery and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. SADJ (South African Dental Journal) 1998;53(10):469-471.

Cuccia 2026

Cuccia F, Cracchiolo AN, Piras A, et al. Between hope and uncertainty: the elusive evidence on hyperbaric oxygen therapy and radiotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2026;34(2):157.

42 studies, 2785 patients (28 retrospective, 5 RCTs); median 34.5 sessions at 2.45 atm. Pelvic district largest cohort; high response rates (67–100%) for haemorrhagic cystitis. Breast and head-and-neck: RCTs failed to show consistent benefit (QoL/toxicity improved only in retrospective reports).

CUHMA 2015

LeDez KM (editor); Standards of Practice and Patient Safety Committee: LeDez K (Chair), Evans W, Wherrett C, Doherty P, Boisvert J, Bateman B, Linden R, Harrison D, Katznelson R. Other contributors: Burman F, LeGros T, Murphy PS, Gericke D. Guidelines to the Practice of Clinical Hyperbaric Medicine and Provision of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment. Canadian Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Association, First Edition 2015:1-73.

Currie 2024

Currie JR, Gawthrope IC, Banham ND. The use of hyperbaric oxygen for avascular necrosis of the femoral head and femoral condyle: a single centre’s experience over 30 years. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2024;54(2):92-96 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.2.92-96).

Cvorovic 2013

Cvorovic L, Jovanovic MB, Milutinovic Z, Arsovic N, Djeric D. Randomized Prospective Trial of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Intratympanic Steroid Injection as Salvage Treatment of Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Otology & Neurotology 2013;34(6):1021–1026.

Significant improvement in hearing thresholds at all frequencies before vs after HBO treatment. HBO and IT steroid gave similar salvage results overall. Subgroups with PTA <81 dB and age <60 responded better to HBO than profoundly deaf / elderly patients.

D'hoore 2025

D'hoore L, Germonpré P, Rinia B, Caeyers L, Stevens N, Balestra C. Effect of normobaric and hyperbaric hyperoxia treatment on symptoms and cognitive capacities in Long COVID patients: a randomised placebo-controlled, prospective, double-blind trial. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(2):104-113 (PMID 40544138. DOI 10.28920/dhm55.2.104-113).

Damineni 2025

Damineni U, Divity S, Gundapaneni SRC, Burri RG, Vadde T. Clinical outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review. Cureus 2025;17(2):e78655.

da Mota Neto 2026 (HOTFy)

da Mota Neto J, et al. HOTFy: a randomised clinical trial for hyperbaric oxygen therapy in fibromyalgia. BMJ Open 2026 (DOI 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-112284).

Danan 2025

Danan D, Grosskopf Y, Mayo A, Efrati S, Kutz I, Lang E, Alon U, Doenyas-Barak K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for PTSD: threshold effect for sustained symptom improvement in a biologically based treatment. Brain Behav 2025;15(8):e70757.

Daneshi 2026

Daneshi K, Dhariwal S, Najafali D, Gokani VJ, Egro FM. Assessing the Clinical Outcomes of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Burn Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Br J Surg 2026;abstract 553(Abstract citation ID znag063.004):vi2.

Dapena 2020

Dapena JC, Lansdorp CA, Mitchell SJ. Persistent extravascular bubbles on radiologic imaging after recompression treatment for decompression sickness: a case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(4):424-430.

Dauwe 2014

Dauwe PB, Pulikkottil BJ, Lavery L, Stuzin JM, Rohrich RJ (UT Southwestern, Dallas). Does Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Work in Facilitating Acute Wound Healing: A Systematic Review. Plast Reconstr Surg 2014;133(2):208e–215e.

Eight studies (level III and above) on adjunctive HBO for complicated acute wounds, flaps and grafts. HBO increases tissue oxygenation and aids difficult-wound healing; the literature supports chronic-wound use more strongly than acute-wound / flap / graft use.

de Guzman 2026

de Guzman RC, Arora B, Kim SB, Shivji MA, de Guzman HC, Oropallo AR. Chronic wounds from skin biology to evidence-based management. Preprints.org 2026.

Dejonckheere 2026

Dejonckheere CS, Käsmann L, Schmeel LC, Walter S, Anzböck T, Dreyer S, Sarria GR, Gkika E, Layer JP. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic radiotherapy-related adverse effects: A clinically focused review. CA Cancer J Clin 2026;76(1):e70058.

Covers the shared hypoxia/fibrosis pathophysiology and HBOT's role across ORN, radiation cystitis, Notes the ECHM (European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine) consensus recommends HBO use for these

Demir 2022

Demir L, Avci M. Effect of hyperbaric exposure on pulmonary functions in hyperbaric chamber inside attendants. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(3).

Demir 2024

Demir L, Öztürk M. Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in severe earthquake injuries. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2024;30(3):185-191 (DOI 10.14744/tjtes.2024.60979 — journal, volume, issue and page range read off the publisher PDF on 2026-08-06; the Zotero record had no journal and gave the first page as 184).

Demir 2024

Demir L. Does hyperbaric chamber attendance pose an asthma risk? Case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(4):387-391 (DOI 10.22462/727).

DeMis 2023

DeMis J, Keuski BM, Due A. Hyperbaric treatment deviations for U.S. Navy divers: Spinal DCS. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(4):383-390 (DOI 10.22462/613).

Denton 2002

Denton AS, Andreyev HJN, Forbes A, Maher EJ. Systematic review for non-surgical interventions for the management of late radiation proctitis. Br J Cancer 2002;87(2):134–143.

63 studies (6 RCTs) of non-surgical late-radiation-proctitis interventions; RCTs covered anti-inflammatory combinations, rectal steroids, sucralfate, SCFA enemas and thermal therapy — not directly comparable, so no standard management could be recommended. HBO is reviewed as one non-surgical option (angiogenic mechanism; a results table of the then-available HBO series) but was not among the RCTs and yields no pooled comparati…

Dequanter 2013

Dequanter D, Jacobs D, Shahla M, Paulus P, Aubert C, Lothaire P. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on treatment of wound complications after oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal salvage surgery. Undersea Hyperb Med 2013;40(5).

Dereli 2024

Dereli D, Çakiroğlu S, Köse AA, Tokar B. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in bilateral orchiopexy and post-circumcision haematoma in a thrombocytopenic patient with Noonan syndrome. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(2):133-136 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.2.133-136).

de Smet 2017

de Smet GHJ, Kroese LF, Menon AG, Jeekel J, van Pelt AWJ, Kleinrensink GJ, Lange JF. Oxygen therapies and their effects on wound healing. Wound Repair Regen 2017;25(4):591–608.

65 studies: 17 local oxygen therapy, 7 oxygen dressing, 29 HBOT, 16 perioperative inspired oxygen. ~77% of HBOT studies reported ≥1 significant positive wound-healing outcome (supplemental inspired oxygen ~63%). Overall: oxygen therapies (including HBO) show favourable but heterogeneous effects on wound healing; study quality varies.

Devaney 2025

Devaney B, Wackett JPC, Ma N, Nguyen A, Yogaraj V, Hedetoft M, Hyldegaard O, Burrell A, Mitra B. Core outcome set for research in necrotising soft tissue infection patients: an international, multidisciplinary, modified Delphi consensus study. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(2):91-103.

Devaney 2025b

Devaney B, Mathew J, Ferris S, Roberts L, Covelli C, Orosz J, et al. Novel use of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for treatment-resistant disseminated Saksenaea and Fusarium in a patient on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): a case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):309-314 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.4.309-314).

De Wolde 2021

De Wolde SD, Hulskes RH, Weenink RP, Hollmann MW, Van Hulst RA. The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygenation on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Angiogenesis. Biomolecules 2021;11(8):1210.

HBOT transiently raises reactive oxygen/nitrogen species; this hormetic oxidative signal upregulates Provides the cross-cutting mechanistic rationale cited across several HBOT indications — a single,

Di Vincenzo 2022

Di Vincenzo H, Kauert A, Martiano D, Chiabo J, Di Vincenzo D, Sozonoff I, Baillif S, Martel A. Efficacy and safety of a standardized hyperbaric oxygen therapy protocol for retinal artery occlusion. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(4):495-505.

Dilip 2018

Dilip M, Bielawski A, Owen E. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for cerebral air gas embolism following orthotopic heart transplant: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(6):685-688.

Diop 2026

Diop S, Mounier R. Partial pressure of oxygen, hyperoxemia and hyperoxia in the intensive care or anesthesia setting. Med Gas Res 2026;16(1):53-58.

Dische 1973

Dische S. The hyperbaric oxygen chamber in the radiotherapy of carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Radiol 1973;46(541):13–17.

No benefit was found from hyperbaric oxygen in the bladder-carcinoma series. (Some apparent differences were confounded by case selection; results did not reach a significant

Dische 1974

Dische S. The hyperbaric oxygen chamber in the radiotherapy of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Br J Radiol 1974;47:99–107.

An early survival advantage of ~20% in favour of oxygen at 1 year was seen, but this was lost by 3 Local failure rate lower with oxygen in the early years, but not statistically significant. Significant late morbidity in small/large intestine (incl. rectum) in a few cases; no difference in

Dische 1999

Dische S, Saunders MI, Sealy R, Werner ID, Verma N, Foy C, Bentzen SM. Carcinoma of the cervix and the use of hyperbaric oxygen with radiotherapy: a report of a randomised controlled trial. Radiother Oncol 1999;53(2):93–98.

No advantage in tumour control was shown with hyperbaric oxygen. Evidence for an increase in late morbidity with hyperbaric oxygen.

Doctor 1992

Doctor N, Pandya S, Supe A. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in diabetic foot. J Postgrad Med 1992;38(3):112–114.

Faster control of infection with HBO: positive cultures fell from 19→3 in the study group vs Fewer major amputations: 2 (study) vs 7 (control), P<0.05. Average hospital stay was not significantly affected.

Doguchi 2014

Doguchi H, Saio M, Kuniyoshi S, Matsuzaki A, Yoshimi N. The enhancing effects of hyperbaric oxygen on mouse skin carcinogenesis. J Toxicol Pathol 2014;27(1):67-72.

Doolette 2004

Doolette DJ, Goble SJ, Pirone CJ. Health outcome of hyperbaric-chamber inside attendants following compressed-air exposure and oxygen decompression. SPUMS J 2004;34(2):63-67.

Dova 2022

Dova S, Psillas G, Tsaligopoulos M, et al. The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the final outcome of patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Am J Otolaryngol 2022;43(5):103564.

No significant difference: hearing-improvement rate 64% (SS+HBOT) vs 56% (SS) — P=0.369. No significant difference within any disease-severity subgroup. A descending-type audiogram was an unfavourable prognostic factor (significantly lower gain,

Du 2024

Du X, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang Z. Effects of Oxygen Therapy on Patients with a Chronic Wound: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Adv Skin Wound Care 2024;37(5):1–9.

Short-term wound healing: RR 1.54 (95% CI 1.20–1.99) favouring oxygen therapy. Amputation rate: RR 0.53 — lower with oxygen therapy. Also: greater percentage reduction in ulcer size, shorter healing time, and higher post-study

Ducassé 1995

Ducassé JL, Celsis P, Marc-Vergnes JP. Non-comatose patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning: hyperbaric or normobaric oxygenation? Undersea Hyperb Med 1995;22(1):9–15.

After the initial 2 h, the HBO group had significant improvement in clinical and biological Carboxyhaemoglobin normalised in both groups after the shared 10 h NBO — but at 3 weeks the NBO group Authors conclude HBO reduces time to initial recovery and the number of delayed functional

Dulai 2018

Dulai PS, Buckey JC Jr, Raffals LE, Swoger JM, Claus PL, O'Toole K, Ptak JA, Gleeson MW, Widjaja CE, Chang JT, Adler JM, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is well tolerated and effective for ulcerative colitis patients hospitalized for moderate-severe flares: a phase 2A pilot multi-center, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2018;113(10):1516–1523.

Clinical remission at days 5 and 10: 50% (HBOT) vs 0% (sham), p=0.04. Less progression to second-line therapy during admission: 10% vs 63%, p=0.04. Fewer in-hospital colectomies: 0% vs 38%, p=0.07 (trend). No serious adverse events.

Duong-Quy 2026

Duong-Quy S, Hoc TV, Nguyen-Duy T, Tang-Thi-Thao T, Nguyen-Van T, Huynh-Anh T, Mai-Xuan T, Tran-Quang P, Nguyen-Ba V, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and its physio-mechanical effects on sleep breathing disorders. 2026.

du Toit 1985

du Toit DF, Pretorius CF, Esterhuizen N, du Toit LB. Gasgangreen: 'n bespreking van 3 gevalle en literatuuroorsig. S Afr Med J 1985;68(10):760-2 (Authors, title, journal, year, volume and page range are ALL printed in the article itself — the English summary block on printed page 760 ends 'S Afr Med J 1985; 68: 760-762', and the running heads read '760 SAMJ VOLUME 68 9 NOVEMBER 1985', 'SAMT DEEL 68 9 NOVEMBER 1985 761' and '762 SAMJ VOLUME 68 9 NOVEMBER 1985' The ISSUE number 10 is the only field NOT printed in the scan; it comes from PubMed. There is NO DOI — SAMJ of 1985 predates DOI assignment and none is findable.).

Duzgun 2008

Duzgun AP, Satır HZ, Ozozan O, Saylam B, Kulah B, Coskun F. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on healing of diabetic foot ulcers. J Foot Ankle Surg 2008;47(6):515–519.

Major (proximal-to-MTPJ) amputation: 0% (HBOT) vs 34% (ST), P<0.05. Far less need for operating-room management: ~16% (HBOT) vs 100% (ST) required OR intervention to HBOT-group ulcers were more likely to heal; where amputation was still needed it was more distal

EBAss/ECHM 2008

European Baromedical Association for Nurses, Operators and Technicians (EBAss). Education of nurses, operators and technicians in hyperbaric facilities in Europe: EBAss/ECHM Resources manual. EBAss / European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine 2008:1-18.

Eckert 2025

Eckert KA, Fife CE, Carter MJ. Systematic Review of Hyperbaric Oxygen for Late Radiation Tissue Injury (Bowel, Bladder). Undersea Hyperb Med 2025;52(3):313–325.

3 RCTs, 273 subjects — two double-blind (rectal symptoms), one open (cystitis). One low risk of bias, two Moderate certainty, weak recommendation for HBO for rectal complications or cystitis — decision is Beneficial effect on rectal and bladder LRTI confirmed at moderate certainty despite heterogeneity.

Edinguele 2020

Edinguele WFOP, Barberon B, Poussard J, Thomas E, Reynier JC, Coulange M. Middle-ear barotrauma after hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a five-year retrospective analysis on 2,610 patients. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(2):217-228.

Efrati 2009

Efrati S, Gall N, Bergan J, Fishlev G, Bass A, Berman S, Abu-Hamad R, Feigenzon M, Weissgarten L. Hyperbaric oxygen, oxidative stress, NO bioavailability and ulcer oxygenation in diabetic patients. Undersea Hyperb Med 2009;36(1):1–12.

34% (17/50) had an insufficient TcPO₂ rise during HBO; in them TAOS and NO fell and MDA rose — NAC attenuated these changes (raised TAOS/NO, lowered MDA) and improved oxygenation; in the In the 66% with a sufficient TcPO₂ rise, TAOS rose and MDA fell regardless of NAC; cure rate 82%

Eggert 2016

Eggert JV, Worth ER, Van Gils CC. Cost and mortality data of a regional limb salvage and hyperbaric medicine program for Wagner grade 3 or 4 diabetic foot ulcers. Undersea Hyperb Med 2016;43(1) (PMID 27000008).

Eggleton 2015

Eggleton P, et al. Safety and efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in chronic wound management: current evidence. Chronic Wound Care Manag Res 2015;2:81-93.

Ekici 2025

Ekici M, Mazlum EC, Laçin MB, Akçin ME, Günay AE, Ozan F. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on lesion size in early-stage femoral head avascular necrosis. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(3):226-230 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.3.226-230).

El Hadji 2025

El Hadji S, Teguh DN, Ridderikhof ML. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation tissue toxicity injury after head and neck cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Radiat Oncol 2025;20(1):149.

HBOT presented across the included studies as a reliable and safe treatment for LRTTI in HNC; beneficial Includes the Annane ORN trial (RR 0.60; 95% CI 0.25–1.41; p=0.23 — not significant), illustrating the

Elder 2017

Elder MJ, Rawstron JA, Davis M. Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of acute retinal artery occlusion. Diving Hyperb Med 2017;47(4):233-238.

A retrospective clinical audit, not a trial. Between early 2003 and December 2012, every patient presenting to Christchurch Hospital with acute retinal artery occlusion (ARAO) was referred for consideration of hyperbaric oxygen; 31 consecutive patients' records were reviewed. The study was discussed formally with the New Zealand Ministry of Health and designated an audit. Follow-up ranged from one

Elfil 2025

1–10). Elfil M, Sabet H, Abbas A, Bayoumi A, Ghaith HS, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Neurol Sci 2025 (online; pp.

HBOT was associated with improved best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA): MD −0.63 (95% CI −1.14 to Lower rates of neovascular glaucoma (7.9% vs 15.8%) and stroke (4.3% vs 16.6%) in the HBOT

El-Rabbany 2019

El-Rabbany M, Duchnay M, Raziee HR, Zych M, Tenenbaum H, Shah PS, Azarpazhooh A. Interventions for preventing osteoradionecrosis of the jaws in adults receiving head and neck radiotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019;(11):CD011559.

HBO + antibiotics vs antibiotics alone after dental extraction: fewer ORN with HBO — RR 0.18 (Marx 1985: 2/37 vs 11/37 at 6 months). Very low certainty. HBO + antibiotics vs antibiotics alone before dental implant placement: no benefit — RR 3.00 (0/13 vs event in HBO arm; wide CI, 1-year). Very low certainty. Overall: evidence uncertain due to suboptimal reporting and inadequate sample sizes; more well-designed RCTs needed. Ma…

Elraiyah 2016

Elraiyah T, Tsapas A, Prutsky G, Domecq JP, Hasan R, Firwana B, Nabhan M, Prokop L, Hingorani A, Claus PL, Steinkraus LW, Murad MH. A systematic review and meta-analysis of adjunctive therapies in diabetic foot ulcers. J Vasc Surg 2016;63(2 Suppl):46S–58S.

Adding HBOT to conventional therapy (wound care + offloading) was associated with increased healing — Peto odds ratio 14.25 (wide 95% CI; large effect) — and with a reduced amputation rate versus conventional therapy. Overall: low- to moderate-quality evidence supports HBOT as an adjunct to enhance DFU healing and potentially prevent amputation (arterial pump/pharmacologic agents less supported).

Elsharnoby 2022

Elsharnoby AM, El-Barbary AH, Eldeeb AE, Hassan HA. Resistant Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers: Effect of Adjuvant Systemic Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Versus Venous Intervention Alone. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2022;24(2):444–451.

Area reduction: no significant difference at 3 months; significant difference favouring HBO at 6 Complete closure at 12 months: 83.3% (HBO) vs 53.8% (venous intervention alone), P=0.02 (at 3 Mean time to complete closure significantly shorter with HBO (P=0.001); positive correlation

Emmerton 2024

Emmerton W, Banham ND, Gawthrope IC. Survey comparing the treatment of central retinal artery occlusion with hyperbaric oxygen in Australia and New Zealand with the recommended guidelines as outlined by the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2024;54(2):97-104 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.2.97-104).

Ennis 2018

Ennis WJ, Huang ET, Gordon H. Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen on More Advanced Wagner Grades 3 and 4 Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Matching Therapy to Specific Wound Conditions. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2018;7 (Mary Ann Liebert).

Population-level DFU healing 74.2%; the Wagner 3–4 subgroup healed only 56.04%. Adding HBO (unfiltered for number of treatments) raised the Wagner 3–4 healing rate to 60.01%; for patients Message: target HBO to advanced (Wagner 3–4) ulcers and ensure the full course is delivered.

Ersoz 2016

Ersoz F, Arikan S, Sari S, Korpinar S, Ozcan O, Poyraz B, Purisa S, Toklu AS. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on pilonidal disease surgery. Undersea Hyperb Med 2016;43(7).

Wound healing time significantly shorter with HBO: 50 ± 11 days (Group 2) vs 83 ± 18 days (Group 1),

Eryigit 2018

Eryigit B, Ziylan F, Yaz F, Thomeer HGXM (UMC Utrecht). The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018;275(12):2893–2904.

Systematic review (studies 2002–2018; English/Dutch/German). Whole ISSHL group: no significant difference between HBO (+steroid) and control. Severe/profound (≥81 dB): significant benefit of HBO + systemic steroid (treatment effect p=0.005; higher mean

Escobar 2005

Escobar SJ, Slade JB Jr, Hunt TK, Cianci P. Adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO2) for treatment of necrotizing fasciitis reduces mortality and amputation rate. Undersea Hyperb Med 2005;32(6) (PMID 16509286).

Eskes 2013

Eskes A, Vermeulen H, Lucas C, Ubbink DT. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treating acute surgical and traumatic wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(12):CD008059.

Cochrane systematic review of RCTs of HBOT for acute surgical and traumatic wounds. 4 trials, 229 participants — clinically heterogeneous, so no meta-analysis was possible.

Esposito 2013 (Cochrane, dental implants)

Esposito M, Worthington HV. Interventions for replacing missing teeth: hyperbaric oxygen therapy for irradiated patients who require dental implants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013;(9):CD003603 (PMID 24085641. DOI 10.1002/14651858.CD003603.pub3).

Esterhai 1987

Esterhai JL Jr, Pisarello J, Brighton CT, Heppenstall RB, Gellman H, Goldstein G. Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Refractory Osteomyelitis. The Journal of Trauma 1987;27(7):763–768.

The primary result is null and the authors state it twice, in the abstract and in the discussion: Whole series: 24 patients healed (86%); four failed to respond. By arm: "Three of the four failures had been treated with at least 20 days of adjunctive hyperbaric

Evanger 2018

Evanger K, Vaagbø G, Haugen OH. Short-term effects on ocular variables immediately after hyperbaric oxygen exposures. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(4):395-402.

Eynan 2020

Eynan M, Arieli Y, Taran B, Yanir Y. Symptoms of central nervous system oxygen toxicity during 100% oxygen breathing at normobaric pressure with increasing inspired levels of carbon dioxide: a case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(1):70-74.

Faglia 1996

Faglia E, Favales F, Aldeghi A, et al. Adjunctive Systemic Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Treatment of Severe Prevalently Ischemic Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A randomized study. Diabetes Care 1996;19(12):1338–1343.

Major amputation: 8.6% (3/35) HBOT vs 33.3% (11/33) control (P=0.016); RR 0.26 (95% CI 0.08–0.84). TcPO₂ (foot dorsum) rose significantly more with HBOT: +14.0 ± 11.8 vs +5.0 ± 5.4 mmHg (P=0.0002). Multivariate analysis confirmed s-HBOT protective (OR 0.084, P=0.033); low ankle-brachial index and

Fakkert 2023

Fakkert RA, Karlas N, Schober P, Weber NC, Preckel B, van Hulst RA, Weenink RP (Amsterdam UMC). Early hyperbaric oxygen therapy is associated with favorable outcome in patients with iatrogenic cerebral arterial gas embolism: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of observational studies. Critical Care 2023;27(1):282.

Group-level (10 studies, 263 patients): patients with favourable outcome were treated 2.4 h earlier IPD (8 studies, 126 patients): a significant relationship between time-to-HBOT and probability of Magnitude: probability of favourable outcome falls from ≈65% when HBOT is started immediately to

Fakkert 2025

Fakkert RA, van Beers L, Weber NC, Preckel B, van Hulst RA, Weenink RP (Amsterdam UMC). Functional outcome and quality of life after iatrogenic cerebral air embolism treated with hyperbaric oxygen: a prospective cohort study. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):330–337.

Only about a third achieved good functional recovery. At 6 months, full recovery (GOS 5) in Mortality 23% (5/22) at 6 months. Quality of life: 9/17 survivors (53%) reported a decline in QoL versus their pre-incident status

Fan 2017

Fan D, Lv Y, Hu H, Pan S. Severe pulmonary edema following hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a case report and clinical experience. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(3).

Fang 2025

Fang T, Xue Z, Yang L, et al. Cerebral Air Embolism After Percutaneous Kyphoplasty: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Mechanisms and Management. World Neurosurg 2025;199:124074.

HBOT is described as a cornerstone of CAE management. Among the analysed cases, all 3 patients who Mechanism: HBO raises ambient pressure → accelerates nitrogen resorption / bubble reduction and improves Limitations acknowledged: chamber accessibility and time-to-treatment, and HBOT risks (barotrauma,

Fattori 2001

Fattori B, Berrettini S, Casani A, Nacci A, De Vito A, De Iaco G (Pisa, Italy). Sudden hypoacusis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a controlled study. Ear Nose Throat J 2001.

HOT group had a significantly greater mean PTA improvement than the vasodilator group — relative gain Improvement was independent of age and sex. Among HOT patients, 17/30 (56.7%) had a good recovery and 8/30 (26.7%) a significant recovery.

Faunø Thrane & Ovesen 2019

Faunø Thrane J, Ovesen T. Scarce evidence of efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in necrotizing soft tissue infection: a systematic review. Infect Dis (Lond) 2019;51(7):485–492.

The included studies were few, heterogeneous and at high risk of bias; the review found a lack of Individual-study relative risks were reported but not pooled, given the quality and heterogeneity.

Fedorko 2016

Fedorko L, Bowen JM, Jones W, Oreopoulos G, Goeree R, Hopkins RB, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Does Not Reduce Indications for Amputation in Patients With Diabetes With Nonhealing Ulcers of the Lower Limb: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care 2016;39(3):392–9.

Met criteria for major amputation: 11/49 (HBOT) vs 13/54 (sham); OR 0.91 (0.37–2.28), p=0.85. Healed: 20% (HBOT) vs 22% (sham); OR 0.90 (0.35–2.31), p=0.82. All wound-healing indices: no significant between-group difference.

Feldman-Idov 2011

Feldman-Idov Y, Melamed Y, Ore L. Improvement of ischemic non-healing wounds following hyperoxygenation: the experience at Rambam-Elisha Hyperbaric Center in Israel, 1998-2007. Isr Med Assoc J 2011;13(9):524-529 (PMID 21991710).

Feldmeier 1995

Feldmeier JJ, Heimbach RD, Davolt DA, Court WS, Stegmann BJ, Sheffield PJ. Hyperbaric oxygen as an adjunctive treatment for delayed radiation injury of the chest wall: a retrospective review of twenty-three cases. Undersea Hyperb Med 1995;22(4):383-393 (PMID 8574126).

Feldmeier 2003

Feldmeier J, Carl U, Hartmann K, Sminia P. Hyperbaric oxygen: does it promote growth or recurrence of malignancy? Undersea Hyperb Med 2003;30(1):1-18.

Feldmeier 2024

Feldmeier JJ, Kirby JP, Gelly HB, Robins M, Peters J, Gruhn P, Pal S. Controlled CMS data demonstrates a cost and clinical advantage for hyperbaric oxygen for radiation cystitis. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(2):145-157.

Feldmeier & Hampson 2002

Feldmeier JJ, Hampson NB. A systematic review of the literature reporting the application of hyperbaric oxygen prevention and treatment of delayed radiation injuries: an evidence based approach. Undersea Hyperb Med 2002;29(1):4–30.

74 publications reporting HBO in the treatment or prevention of delayed radiation injury, appraised with three established evidence-evaluation systems; all but 7 reported a positive result. Delayed radiation injury (soft-tissue and bony radionecrosis) is one of the (then thirteen) UHMS-approved HBO indications; the authors recommend HBO for delayed radiation injuries of soft tissue and bone at most sites, noting the benefit is…

Feng 2017

Feng JJ, Li YH. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on depression and anxiety in the patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (a STROBE-compliant article). Medicine (Baltimore) 2017;96(29):e7334 (DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000007334. First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University).

Feng 2022

Feng T, Zhang Q, Wei J, Wang X, Geng Y. Effects of alprostadil combined with hyperbaric oxygen on hearing recovery and hemorheology in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss and analysis of related influencing factors. Exp Ther Med 2022;23(3):242.

HBO arm: significantly better recovery of tinnitus, aural fullness and vertigo (P<0.05) and Efficacy influenced by age, onset time, hearing threshold, tinnitus, plasma viscosity, CRP.

Ferreira 2017

Ferreira APP, Vide SS, Fernandes TDF, Coelho PMBS, Camacho OF. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjuvant to source control in necrotizing soft tissue infections. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(6):535-542.

Ferreira Júnior 2020

Ferreira Júnior LH, dos Reis DC, Batista JD, Filice LS, Dechichi P, Rocha FS. Hyberbaric oxygen and bone reconstruction. Minerva Stomatol 2020;69(2):119–125.

Fiesseler 2006

Fiesseler FW, Silverman ME, Riggs RL, Szucs PA. Indication for hyperbaric oxygen treatment as a predictor of tympanostomy tube placement. Undersea Hyperb Med 2006;33(4):231-235.

Fife 2002

Fife CE, Buyukcakir C, Otto GH, Sheffield PJ, Warriner RA, Love TL, Mader J. The predictive value of transcutaneous oxygen tension measurement in diabetic lower extremity ulcers treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a retrospective analysis of 1,144 patients. Wound Repair Regen 2002;10(4):198-207.

A retrospective, multicentre, prognostic-factor analysis. Six hyperbaric facilities contributed charts. - 1,144 records of diabetic patients: 1,006 reviewed by one physician from five Texas hyperbaric facilities, plus 79 from Travis Air Force Base, California, and 59 from Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas, reviewed by a different examiner [derived: 1006 + 79 + 59]. - These were all diabetic patient

Fife 2016

Fife CE, Eckert KA, Carter MJ. An Update on the Appropriate Role for Hyperbaric Oxygen: Indications and Evidence. Plast Reconstr Surg 2016;138(3 Suppl):107S–116S.

HBOT uniquely ameliorates tissue hypoxia, dampens pathologic inflammation, and mitigates ischaemia–reperfusion Numerous small RCTs are supportive, but sham/blinding and chamber logistics constrain trial design — hence the

Fijen 2016

Fijen VA, Westerweel PE, van Ooij PJAM, van Hulst RA. Tympanic membrane bleeding complications during hyperbaric oxygen treatment in patients with or without antiplatelet and anticoagulant drug treatment. Diving Hyperb Med 2016;46(1):22-25.

Filipo 2012

Filipo R, Attanasio G, Viccaro M, Russo FY, Mancini P, Rocco M, Pietropaoli P, Covelli E. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy with short duration intratympanic steroid therapy for sudden hearing loss. Acta Otolaryngol 2012;132(5):475–481.

Severe (PTA 70–90 dB) and profound (90 dB) ISSNHL; one arm 10 days HBO + IV steroid, the other IT steroid + Overall success rate superior with IT steroid + HBO, but not statistically significant. IT steroid's excellent

Fitzpatrick 1999

Fitzpatrick DT, Franck BA, Mason KT, Shannon SG. Risk factors for symptomatic otic and sinus barotrauma in a multiplace hyperbaric chamber. Undersea Hyperb Med 1999;26(4):243-247.

Flegg 2009

Flegg JA, McElwain DLS, Byrne HM, Turner IW. A three species model to simulate application of hyperbaric oxygen therapy to chronic wounds. PLoS Comput Biol 2009;5(7):e1000451.

Flegg 2010

Flegg JA, Byrne HM, McElwain DLS. Mathematical model of hyperbaric oxygen therapy applied to chronic diabetic wounds. Bull Math Biol 2010;72(7):1867-1891.

Fletcher 1977

Fletcher GH, Lindberg RD, Caderao JB, Wharton JT (MD Anderson Hospital). Hyperbaric oxygen as a radiotherapeutic adjuvant in advanced cancer of the uterine cervix. Preliminary results of a randomized trial. Cancer 1977 (preliminary results of a randomized trial; advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix).

Absolute NED (no-evidence-of-disease) survival — no statistically significant difference between air An increase in complications was seen (especially with extended fields / added lymphadenectomy → more

Foley 2021

Foley K, Banham N, Bonnington S, Gawthrope I. Oxygen toxicity seizure mimics. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(2):161-166.

Forner 2019

Forner L, Berkowicz A, Dickmeiss E, Hyldegaard O, Jansen EC, Fischer-Nielsen A. Only minor stem cell mobilization in head and neck irradiated patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Diving Hyperb Med 2019;49(3):175-185.

Forner 2022

Forner LE, Dieleman FJ, Shaw RJ, Kanatas A, Butterworth CJ, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of mandibular osteoradionecrosis: Combined data from the two randomized clinical trials DAHANCA-21 and NWHHT2009-1. Radiother Oncol 2022;166:137–144.

Healing at 1 year: 70% (21/30) with HBO + surgery vs 51% (18/35) with surgery alone — HBO was The difference did NOT reach statistical significance — the combined study was underpowered

Fox 2015

Fox NF, Xiao C, Sood AJ, Lovelace TL, Nguyen SA, Sharma A, Day TA. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of radiation-induced xerostomia: a systematic review. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2015;120(1):22–28.

7 studies, 246 patients (6 prospective, 1 retrospective; only 2 controlled). HBO may have utility for radiation-induced xerostomia refractory to other therapies and may produce long-term improvement in subjective xerostomia; objective/quality-of-life data more limited.

Fraga 2025

Fraga Carvalho C, Lopes VC, Agareno G, Spessoto AC, Facio FN, Fava Spessoto LC. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Patients With Viral or Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis. Cureus 2025;17(3):1-4 (DOI 10.7759/cureus.80755).

Francis 2017

Francis A, Baynosa R. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury and hyperbaric oxygen pathways: a review of cellular mechanisms. Diving Hyperb Med 2017;47(2):110-117.

Fredman 2014

Fredman R, Wiser I, Friedman T, Heller L, Karni T. Skin-sparing mastectomy flap ischemia salvage using urgent hyperbaric chamber oxygen therapy: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2014;41(2).

Freiberger 2007

Freiberger JJ, Padilla-Burgos R (Duke University). Update on the Duke randomised controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen for osteonecrosis of the jaw in patients who have taken bisphosphonates. Undersea Hyperb Med 2007;34(4):241 — UHMS ASM abstract.

As of Feb 2007: IRB approval Aug 2006; 32 subjects interviewed, 7 enrolled, 2 treated, 1 withdrawn — Reasons for declining/ineligibility include "previous radiation treatment" — i.e. radiation ORN

Freiberger 2012

Freiberger JJ, Padilla-Burgos R, McGraw T, Suliman HB, Kraft KH, Stolp BW, Moon RE, Piantadosi CA (Duke University). What Is the Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen in the Management of Bisphosphonate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct to Surgery and Antibiotics. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012;70(7):1573–1583.

46 patients (25 HBO, 21 standard; mean age 66, 57% women). Primary endpoint (change in oral lesion size and number): no significant difference between groups. But 17/25 HBO-treated (68%) improved, with better/faster healing on some secondary and longer-term measures.

Fritz 2010

Fritz GW, Gunsolley JC, Abubaker O, Laskin DM. Efficacy of Pre- and Postirradiation Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Prevention of Postextraction Osteoradionecrosis: A Systematic Review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010;68(11):2653–2660.

From 696 citations, 14 acceptable publications (1 RCT, 8 cohort-controlled, 5 observational) were analysed. Most had small samples, lacked clear inclusion/exclusion criteria, and under-reported the radiation-to-extraction interval. Conclusion: insufficient information to show HBO reduces the incidence of ORN in irradiated patients requiring tooth extraction — the prophylactic benefit is not established by the available evidenc…

Fujita 2026

Fujita M, Todani M, Ajimi Y, Yatabe T, Yokobori S, Araki M, Chihara N, Nagayama M, Sakamoto T, Tsuruta R; Japan Resuscitation Council (JRC) Neuroresuscitation Task Force. Evaluating the Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Acute Med Surg 2026;13(1):e70114.

No significant benefit of HBO on mortality or neurological outcomes. The ≥2.5 ATA subgroup showed no advantage over control either. Moderate-to-substantial heterogeneity; GRADE certainty low to very low.

Fukami 2018

Fukami Y, Kobayashi S, Sekoguchi E, Kurumiya Y. Randomized controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in adhesive postoperative small bowel obstruction. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2018.

No significant differences in time to oral intake, length of stay, need for long intestinal-tube Overall success of medical treatment 72.5% (no-HBO) vs 78.8% (HBO), p=0.594 — no benefit.

Gäde 2026

Gäde AHF, Schiegnitz E, Eckert AW, Sagheb K, Al-Nawas B, Kupka JR. The influence of hypoxia on tissue regeneration in oral and maxillofacial surgery – a systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2026;30:125.

9/5,790 studies; among the interventions studied, HBO consistently improved bone healing in

Gaio-Lima 2022 (radiation lesions)

Gaio-Lima C, Castedo J, Cruz M, Candeias M, Camacho O. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of radiation lesions. Clin Transl Oncol 2022;24(12):2466-2474 (PMID 35976581; DOI 10.1007/s12094-022-02892-x).

Gallego-Vilar 2011

Gallego-Vilar D, García-Fadrique G, Povo-Martín IJ, Miralles-Aguado J, Garau-Perelló C, Sanchis-Verdú L, Gimeno-Argente V, Bosquet-Sanz M, Rodrigo-Aliaga M, Claramonte-Ramón FJ, Gallego-Gómez J. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in urology. Arch Esp Urol 2011;64(6):507–516 (this is PubMed, ).

Narrative review of urological HBO: strongest application intractable haemorrhagic radiation cystitis, plus Fournier's gangrene and ischaemic/wound-healing uses; typical course 4–44 sessions (mean ~19). Evidence level low — most underlying reports are case series; no comparative estimates.

Game / IWGDF 2016

Game FL, Apelqvist J, Attinger C, Hartemann A, Hinchliffe RJ, Löndahl M, Price PE, Jeffcoate WJ (IWGDF working group). Effectiveness of interventions to enhance healing of chronic ulcers of the foot in diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016;32(Suppl 1):154–168.

Heterogeneity prevented any pooled analysis. The overall conclusion is conservative: with the possible exception of negative-pressure wound Controlled studies remain few and mostly of poor methodological quality.

Garcia-Covarrubias 2005

Garcia-Covarrubias L, McSwain NE Jr, Van Meter K, Bell RM. Adjuvant Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Management of Crush Injury and Traumatic Ischemia: An Evidence-Based Approach. Am Surg 2005 Feb;71(2):144–151.

Method: MEDLINE/OVID/Cochrane search, 1966–Dec 2003; clinical papers with ≥5 patients; scored by a Yield: 9 documents, ~150 patients. Most were retrospective, uncontrolled case series lacking Result: 8 of 9 studies showed a beneficial effect of HBO, with only one major complication.

Gariel 2017

Gariel C, Delwarde B, Beroud S, Soldner R, Floccard B, Rimmelé T. Is decompression illness possible during hyperbaric therapy? A case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(3):283-285.

Garrabou 2011

Garrabou G, et al.; Cardellach F. Mitochondrial Injury in Human Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: The Effect of Oxygen Treatment. J Environ Sci Health Part C Environ Carcinog Ecotoxicol Rev 2011;29(1):32–51.

Geçkil 2025

Geçkil N. Treatment approaches in cases of mandibular osteoradionecrosis: A systematic meta-analysis. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2025;126(3S):102316.

Success by modality: HBO + surgery 69% (95% CI 0.47–0.85) vs HBO alone 38% (0.20–0.61) vs No significant difference between HBO alone and surgery alone (z=0.139, p=0.889). Combination significantly better than either monotherapy (HBO vs HBO+surgery p=0.015; surgery vs

Geldof 2022

Geldof NI, van Hulst RA, Ridderikhof ML, Teguh DN. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for late radiation-induced tissue toxicity in treated gynaecological cancer patients: a systematic review. Radiat Oncol 2022;17(1):164.

Radiation cystitis: 3 of 4 studies reported decreased complaints with HBOT. Radiation proctitis: improvement reported. Wound complications: all studies reported improvement — the subgroup that benefits most.

Gelmann 2021

Gelmann D, Jasani G, Moayedi S, Sward D. Inner ear decompression sickness in a hyperbaric chamber inside tender: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(4):443-448.

Gempp 2010

Gempp E, Blatteau JE. Risk factors and treatment outcome in scuba divers with spinal cord decompression sickness. J Crit Care 2010;25(2):236-242.

21 of 63 (33%) had incomplete resolution at one month, including 8 (12%) with severe disability Time to treatment did not predict outcome. Univariate P = .15: of those treated at ≤3 h, Choice of table did not predict outcome. At 2.8 ATA, 40 [derived: 30 + 10] patients gave

Gesell 2005

Gesell LB, Warnick RE, Breneman JC, Vogt CJ, Lindsell CJ. A randomized, controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for brain radionecrosis. Undersea Hyperb Med 2005;32(4):235–236 — UHMS Annual Scientific Meeting abstracts.

A single-centre randomized controlled trial testing HBOT for PET-confirmed brain radionecrosis in patients with stable or worsening disease on a steroid dose that cannot be tapered. - Design: randomised to standardised steroid management alone vs steroid management + HBOT; steroids standardised over 3 months, titrated to oedema volume and Karnofsky score. HBOT arm = 60 treatments over 3 months on

Ghannam 2019

Ghannam M, Beran A, Ghazaleh D, Ferderer T, Berry B, Banna MA, Mohl L, Streib C, Thacker T, Matos I. Cerebral Air Embolism after Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: Insight on Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019;28(12):104403.

Documents endoscopy as a specific iatrogenic route for CAE; presentation is stroke-like (focal deficit, HBOT features among treatment options for significant CAE, alongside supportive care and positioning; Case-report-based literature — establishes an uncommon procedural cause, not efficacy.

Giardiello 2025

Giardiello F, De Medeiros Quirino L, Brigante R, Chumak M. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for enhanced postoperative recovery in hair transplantation. Cureus 2025;17(12):e99635 (DOI 10.7759/cureus.99635).

Glover 2016 (HOT2)

Glover M, Smerdon GR, Andreyev HJ, Benton BE, Bothma P, Firth O, Gothard L, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen for patients with chronic bowel dysfunction after pelvic radiotherapy (HOT2): a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2016;17(2):224–233.

84 randomised (55 HBO, 29 sham). No significant difference in IBDQ bowel-component change (median No significant difference in IBDQ rectal-bleeding change among those bleeding at baseline Adverse events typical of HBO (refractive eye changes, ear pain); serious AEs not treatment-related.

Goh 2023

Goh EZ, Beech N, Johnson NR, Batstone M. The dental management of patients irradiated for head and neck cancer. Br Dent J 2023;234(11):800–804.

Covers the full dental picture in irradiated H&N cancer patients: mucositis, xerostomia, radiation caries, On HBO specifically: notes previous systematic reviews found weak to no evidence, and cites the combined

Goldman 2009

Goldman RJ. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Wound Healing and Limb Salvage: A Systematic Review. PM&R 2009;1(5):471–489.

Diabetic foot ulcers complicated by surgical infection: HBOT reduces amputation — OR 0.242 (95% CI Moderate evidence that HBOT helps refractory lower-extremity osteomyelitis (extent of effect Low level: HBOT promotes healing of arterial ulcers, calciphylactic & refractory vasculitic

Gong 2025

Gong J, Sun X, Fu H, Zhang Y, Gao T. Comparative efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological nursing interventions for diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Nurs 2025;24(1):1445.

Gong 2026

Gong S, Tang M, He J, Wu X, Shi M, Yang M, Shi L, Huang L, Li L, Zhou D, Zhao Y. Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for post-stroke depression: association with inflammatory biomarker reduction in a sham-controlled randomized trial. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2026;35(8):108685.

Gonzalez Flores 2026

González Flores JE, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in surgical wound healing and tissue salvage: a structured narrative review. Cureus 2026.

Goodrich 2018

Goodrich E, Goodrich RP, Reese CA. Sensorineural hearing loss after spine surgery treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: two case reports. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(2):217-224.

Gothard 2010

Gothard L, Haviland J, Bryson P, Laden G, Glover M, Harrison S, Woods M, Cook G, Peckitt C, Pearson A, Somaiah N, Stanton A, Mortimer P, Yarnold J (Royal Marsden). Randomised phase II trial of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with chronic arm lymphoedema after radiotherapy for cancer. Radiother Oncol 2010;97(1):101–107.

No significant between-group difference in reduction of affected-arm volume at 12 months (standardised Secondary endpoints (lymphoscintigraphy, dielectric constant, etc.) were similar between groups.

Gottrup 2017

Gottrup F, Dissemond J, Baines C, Frykberg R, Jensen PØ, Kot J, Kröger K, Longobardi P. Use of oxygen therapies in wound healing, with special focus on topical and hyperbaric oxygen treatment. J Wound Care 2017;26(Sup5):S1-S43.

Graffeo 2013

e3–4. Graffeo C, Dishong W. Severe blood loss anemia in a Jehovah's Witness treated with adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Am J Emerg Med 2013;31(4):756.

Managed with ventilation, vasopressors, haemodialysis and 30 adjunctive HBO treatments (2.0 ATA, 90 Sustained improvement in all haemodynamic parameters, RBC volume, and renal/respiratory function;

Greene & Lambertsen 1980

Greene KM, Lambertsen CJ. Nature and treatment of decompression sickness occurring after deep excursion dives. Undersea Biomed Res 1980;7(2):127-139.

Grolman 2001

Grolman RE, Wilkerson DK, Taylor J, Allinson P, Zatina MA. Transcutaneous oxygen measurements predict a beneficial response to hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with nonhealing wounds and critical limb ischemia. Am Surg 2001;67(11):1072-1079 (discussion 1080. PMID 11730224).

Gunes 2017

Gunes AE, Aktas S. A review of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for avascular necrosis. Acta Medica Mediterranea 2017;33(1):29-34.

Gao 2025 [slug 'guo' is a legacy misnomer; first author is Gao Y]

Gao Y, Yin L, Xiang T, Ni T, Shi J. Reduce Flap Necrosis After Autologous Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review. J Craniofac Surg 2025;36(6):e598–e605.

Gupta 2013

Gupta P, Sahni T, Jadhav GK, Manocha S, Aggarwal S, Verma S. A retrospective study of outcomes in subjects of head and neck cancer treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation induced osteoradionecrosis of mandible at a tertiary care centre: an Indian experience. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013;65(Suppl 1):S140-S143 (PMID 24427631. DOI 10.1007/s12070-013-0640-z).

Gur 2026

Gur I, Gur I, Gitzman M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of varying hyperbaric oxygen protocols in the treatment of acute central retinal artery occlusion. Eye (Lond) 2026;40(6):821–826.

Greater BCVA improvement with the higher initial dose (HBO18): median 0.62 vs 0.22 LogMAR Multivariate: HBO18 associated with +0.5 LogMAR improvement at 24 h (95% CI 0.3–0.7); greater initial Adverse events similar between protocols; none severe enough to stop HBO.

Gur 2026

Gur I, Ofir D, Moravia A, Orenstein S, Kalla C. Knowledge Gaps in Our Understanding of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Current Evidence, Proposed Solutions, and Preliminary Results. Isr Med Assoc J (IMAJ) 2026;28(6):376-382 (PMID 42345229).

Hadanny 2017

Hadanny A, Maliar A, Fishlev G, Bechor Y, Bergan J, Friedman M, Avni I, Efrati S. Reversibility of retinal ischemia due to central retinal artery occlusion by hyperbaric oxygen. Clin Ophthalmol 2017;11:115–125 (eCollection; published 29 Dec 2016).

BCVA significantly improved after HBOT: 2.14±0.50 → 1.61±0.78 logMAR (P<0.0001). The cherry-red spot (CRS), not elapsed time, marks irreversibility: meaningful visual improvement in Safety: only 5.5% minor, reversible adverse events.

Hammarlund 1994

Hammarlund C, Sundberg T (Helsingborg, Sweden). Hyperbaric oxygen reduced size of chronic leg ulcers: a randomized double-blind study. Plast Reconstr Surg 1994;93(4):829–833.

Mean wound-area decrease (oxygen group): 6% (wk 2), 22% (wk 4), 35.7% (wk 6) vs air group: 2.8%, The response was gradual over the 6 weeks of chamber treatment (dose-dependent pattern).

Hampson 2006

Hampson NB, Dunford RG, Ross DE, Wreford-Brown CE. A prospective, randomized clinical trial comparing two hyperbaric treatment protocols for carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2006;33(1):27–32.

Abnormal neurocognitive screen immediately post-treatment: 4/18 (22%) at 2.4 ATA vs 2/12 (17%) at Delayed abnormality: 1 patient in each group (P=0.75). Mean COHb 24.8 ± 8.8%; mean delay to HBO Conclusion: it is feasible to randomise CO patients to different protocols; detecting a true

Hampson 2012

Hampson NB, Holm JR, Wreford-Brown CE, Feldmeier J. Prospective assessment of outcomes in 411 patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen for chronic radiation tissue injury. Cancer 2012;118(15):3860-8 (The PDF on file is the ONLINE-FIRST version. It carries no volume, issue or page numbers — its own footer reads 'Cancer Month 00, 2011' and its abstract ends 'Cancer 2011;000:000-000' Volume 118, issue 15, pages 3860-8 and the journal year 2012 were LOOKED UP in PubMed (PMID 22139864), not read from this PDF.).

Hampson and Holm 2021

Hampson NB, Holm JR. Letter: HBO2 combined with steroid therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss within two weeks. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(1):103-104.

Hampson & Holm 2021 letter with Inman reply

Hampson NB, Holm JR; with reply by Inman AL, Sorrell LP, Lagina AT. Delayed treatment of decompression sickness: letter and response. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(2):207-208.

Hampson and Ocak 2017

Hampson NB, Ocak T. Comparison of normobaric vs. hyperbaric oxygen in the relief of carbon monoxide headache pain. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(4):331-336.

Hansen 2015

Hansen MB, Simonsen U, Garred P, Hyldegaard O. Biomarkers of necrotising soft tissue infections: aspects of the innate immune response and effects of hyperbaric oxygenation—the protocol of the prospective cohort BIONEC study. BMJ Open 2015;5(5):e006995.

Harlan 2022

Harlan NP, Ptak JA, Rees JR, Cowan DR, Fellows AM, Moses RA, Kertis JA, Hannigan PM, Juggan SA, Peacock J, Bennett M, Buckey JC. International Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: results through June 2021. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(1):275-287.

Established 2011 (International Report Registered Identifier DERR1-10.2196/18857) to capture outcomes and complications for both UHMS-approved and selected unapproved indications — the "unapproved" arm being the unusual and valuable part. A REDCap template was distributed to participating centres for prospective, de-identified collection. | | | |---|---| | Contributing centres | 22 | | Patients |

Harrington & Moses 2026

Harrington SA, Moses RA. Role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in radiation cystitis. Curr Urol Rep 2026;27(1):40.

Hart 1974 (JAMA, exceptional blood loss anaemia)

Hart GB. Exceptional blood loss anemia. Treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. JAMA 1974;228(8):1028-9.

Uncontrolled series of three patients with acute blood-loss anaemia who refused blood transfusion on religious grounds and were transferred to the Long Beach Naval Hospital in hypovolaemic shock for hyperbaric therapy. Reported by a single naval hyperbaric physician; this is the paper Wright 2002 cites as the origin of the practice.

Hart 1974 (secondary abstract-digest)

Hart GB, O'Reilly RR, Broussard ND, Yanda RL. Treatment of burns with hyperbaric oxygen. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1974;139(5):693–696.

The landmark early clinical burns series reporting HBO given during the first day of burn care. Only a brief third-party digest is held.

Hart 1983

Hart GB, Lamb RC, Strauss MB. Gas gangrene. J Trauma 1983;23(11):991–1000.

A collective review of gas gangrene combined with the authors' own HBO-treated case series. The central thesis: optimal care is the triad surgery + antibiotics + hyperbaric oxygen.

Hart 2021

Hart BB. Verbatim reprint of the UHMS Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Indications Manual, Chapter 12 (Refractory Osteomyelitis). Hyperbaric oxygen for refractory osteomyelitis. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021 Third Quarter;48(3):297–321.

Definition: refractory osteomyelitis = chronic osteomyelitis that persists or recurs after Mechanism: the low oxygen tensions typical of infected bone are restored to normal by HBO₂ Central/high-risk sites deserve special consideration — sternal (often fatal; recurrence 3–8% even

Hassan 2010

Hassan Z, Mullins RF, Friedman BC, Shaver JR, Brandigi C, Alam B, Mian MAH. Treating necrotizing fasciitis with or without hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2010;37(2).

Hatling 2019

Hatling D, Høgset A, Guttormsen AB, Müller B. Iatrogenic cerebral gas embolism–A systematic review of case reports. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2019;63(2):154–160.

A broad range of procedures cause ICGE — central venous catheter insertion/removal, haemodialysis Hyperbaric oxygen was the predominant specific treatment where a treatment was stated: of the 264 Latest reported outcome by treatment (GOS, Table 4) — uncontrolled:

Hauken 2026

Hauken MA, Gjestad R, Sekse RJT, Müller B, Velure GK. Sexual health following hyperbaric oxygen treatment in pelvic cancer survivors with radiation injuries: a longitudinal observational study. J Sex Med 2026;23(7):qdag189 (DOI 10.1093/jsxmed/qdag189).

He 2026

He Z, Sun X, Chen J, Zhang M. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for skin flap transplantation: a meta-analysis. J Wound Care 2026;35(2):193–200.

Flap survival: OR 8.57 (95% CI 5.54–13.26). Skin-flap O₂ saturation MD +19.94; post-op skin temperature MD +0.71; time to swelling resolution

Heck 2024

Heck T, Lohana D, Mallela D, Mandil O, Sun L, Saxena P, Decker AM, Wang HL (University of Michigan). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjunct treatment of periodontitis, MRONJ, and ONJ: a systematic literature review. Clin Oral Investig 2024;28(1):77.

ORN prophylaxis: HBO superior to antibiotics in preventing ORN in patients with a history of high Established ORN (surgical excision): HBO does not yield significant benefit, but does not worsen Periodontitis (adjunct to SRP): mixed results; study variability precludes conclusions.

Hedetoft 2020

Hedetoft M, Olsen NV, Smidt-Nielsen IG, et al. Measurement of peripheral arterial tonometry in patients with diabetic foot ulcers during courses of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(1):17-23.

Hedetoft 2021

Hedetoft M, Bennett MH, Hyldegaard O. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen treatment for necrotising soft-tissue infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(1):34–43.

Mortality: pooled OR 0.44 (95% CI 0.33–0.58) in favour of HBOT — 4,770 deaths among 48,744 patients Major amputation: pooled OR 0.60 (95% CI 0.28–1.28) — favours HBOT in point estimate but not The authors judge the clinical evidence sparse and of generally low quality; HBOT for NSTI remains

Helms 2011

Helms A, Evans AW, Chu J, Sahgal A, Ostrowski R, Sosiak T, Wolf G, Gillett J, Whelan H. Hyperbaric oxygen for neurologic indications: action plan for multicenter trials in stroke, traumatic brain injury, radiation encephalopathy and status migrainosus. Undersea Hyperb Med 2011;38(5):309-319.

Hendier 2025

Hendier L, Soule H, Abbas M, Pittet D, Pignel R, Boet S. Evaluation of bacterial survival on inert surfaces in a hyperbaric environment. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(3):231-235 (PMID 40986918. DOI 10.28920/dhm55.3.231-235).

Henk 1977 (Henk2)

Henk JM, Kunkler PB, Smith CW (South Wales Radiotherapy and Oncology Service, Velindre Hospital, Cardiff). Radiotherapy and hyperbaric oxygen in head and neck cancer. Final report of first controlled clinical trial. Lancet 1977;2(8029):101–103.

294 patients admitted between October 1964 and March 1972 — 143 allocated to hyperbaric No difference in survival. Actuarial survival curves were the same in both groups. Local tumour control was significantly better with HBO — recurrence-free rates by the actuarial

Henk 1986

Henk JM. Late results of a trial of hyperbaric oxygen and radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: a rationale for hypoxic cell sensitizers? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1986;12(8):1339–1341.

Survival and local-control rates were significantly higher in the HBO group — one of the positive However, HBO was associated with greater morbidity (more normal-tissue reactions at the higher

Hess 2021

Hess HW, Wheelock CE, St James E, Stooks JL, Clemency BM, Hostler D. Variability in venous gas emboli following the same dive at 3,658 meters. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(2):119-126.

Heyboer 2014

Heyboer M 3rd, Wojcik SM, Grant WD, Chambers P, Jennings S. Middle ear barotrauma in hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2014;41(5):393-397.

Heyboer 2019

Heyboer M 3rd, Wojcik SM, et al. Blood glucose levels in diabetic patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(4):437-445.

Hingorani 2016

Hingorani A, LaMuraglia GM, Henke P, Meissner MH, Loretz L, Zinszer KM, Driver VR, Frykberg R, Carman TL, Marston W, Mills JL, Murad MH. The management of diabetic foot: A clinical practice guideline by the Society for Vascular Surgery in collaboration with the American Podiatric Medical Association and the Society for Vascular Medicine. J Vasc Surg 2016;63(2 Suppl):3S-21S.

Ho 2022

Ho YW, Chung PY, Hou SK, Chang ML, Kang YN. Should We Use Hyperbaric Oxygen for Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Management? A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Healthcare (Basel) 2022;10(7):1311.

HBO had no better outcomes than NBO overall. Two-session HBO was worse than one-session for general fatigue (RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.03–1.62),

Hoencamp 2019

Hoencamp E, van Dongen TTCF, van Ooij PJAM, Wingelaar TT, Vervelde ML, Koch DAA, van Hulst RA, Hoencamp R. Systematic review on the effects of medication under hyperbaric conditions: consequences for the diver. Diving Hyperb Med 2019;49(2):127–136.

Hoggan & Cameron 2014

Hoggan BL, Cameron AL. Systematic review of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of non-neurological soft tissue radiation-related injuries. Support Care Cancer 2014;22(6):1715–1726.

Protocol-driven SR of comparative studies of HBO vs observation/conventional/sham for non-neurological soft-tissue radiation injury. Benefit shown for radiation proctitis and for irradiated head/neck soft-tissue wounds; radiation cystitis showed little difference between groups. Safety and effectiveness assessed together; overall an encouraging but site-dependent signal on a limited comparative evidence base.

Howard 2020

Howard AE, Buzzacott P, Gawthrope IC, Banham ND. Effect of antiplatelet and/or anticoagulation medication on the risk of tympanic barotrauma in hyperbaric oxygen treatment patients, and development of a predictive model. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(4):338-342.

Hoyt 2025

Hoyt J, Murphy FG, Pollock NW, Kernagis D, Bird N, Menduno M, Bright J, Mitchell SJ. Revised guideline for central nervous system oxygen toxicity exposure limits when using an inspired PO2 of 1.3 atmospheres. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(3):262-270.

Hsieh 2025

Hsieh CH, Wen YW, Liao CT, Lee SR. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment after surgery and radiation for oral cancers does not increase the likelihood of a second primary development, nor reduce disease specific or overall survival. Undersea Hyperb Med 2025;52(3):271-278.

Hsu 2010

Hsu S-L, Wang C-J, Lee MS-S, Chan Y-S, Huang C-C, Yang KD. Cocktail therapy for femoral head necrosis of the hip. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2010;130(1):23–29.

Overall 74% improved, 16% unchanged (remainder worse). THR performed in 10% (Group A) vs 10.4% (Group B) — no significant difference (p=0.717).

Htay 2024

Htay AM, Wilson E. Lateral ST-elevation myocardial infarction from systemic air embolism after CT guided lung biopsy. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2024;54(3):233-236 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.3.233-236).

Hu 2020

Hu Y, Chen H, Xiong J, Sun W. [The efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi (J Clin Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg, China) 2020 Jun;34(6):521–523,527.

"Effective" response (≥15 dB gain): A 78.9%, B 81.5%, C 61.9%; C vs A and C vs B both significant Mean threshold gain: A 27.2±17.5, B 26.9±16.7, C 17.6±18.5 dB HL → pooled +9.5 dB (95% CI 2.5–16.4) Two HBO schedules equivalent → scheduling can follow chamber capacity / patient convenience.

Hu 2025

Hu X, Meng H, Liang J, An H, Zhou J, Gao Y, You C, Zhang Z, Gong X, Liu Y. Comparison of the efficacy of 12 interventions in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a network meta-analysis. PeerJ 2025;13:e19809.

99 RCTs, 7,356 patients, 12 adjunctive interventions vs standard of care/placebo (incl. HBOT, topical oxygen, ESWT, PDGF, electrical stimulation, amniotic membrane). SUCRA used to rank. HBOT did not show a statistically significant benefit vs standard care on ulcer healing (nor did ESWT); amniotic membrane (AMT) and selected biologics ranked highest. Authors note AMT and HBOT require substantial cost/investment.

Huang/Tettelbach 2015

Huang ET (chair), Mansouri J, Murad MH, Joseph WS, Strauss MB, Tettelbach W, Worth ER; UHMS CPG Oversight Committee. A clinical practice guideline for the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Undersea Hyperb Med 2015;42(3):205–247.

Huang 2017

Huang E, Shah J, Pestell D, Kot J, Mathieu D, Smart D, Longobardi P, Sahni T, Rech FV, Löndahl M, Kawashima M, Weir G. An open letter to the American Diabetes Association board of directors: special commentary. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(5):373-376.

Huang 2019

Huang E, Heyboer M 3rd, Savaser DJ. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the management of chronic wounds: patient selection and perspectives. Chronic Wound Care Manag Res 2019;6:27-37.

Huang 2023

Huang C, Zhong Y, Yue C, He B, Li Y, Li J. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the clinical outcomes of necrotizing soft tissue infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Emerg Surg 2023;18(1):23.

Mortality significantly lower with HBOT: RR 0.52 (95% CI 0.40–0.68; P<0.05). Multi-organ dysfunction (MODS) lower: RR 0.21 (95% CI 0.16–0.26). Amputation: no significant difference (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.62–1.13); more debridements performed in

Patel & Batura 2026

Patel A, Batura D. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and Fournier’s gangrene: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Gas Res 2026;16(4):508–513.

HBOT associated with significantly lower mortality vs controls. Hospital length of stay and number of surgical debridements: inconsistent, not significantly different.

Huang 2026 (Medicina)

Huang C, Lin L, Tang T. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Is Associated with Lower Mortality in Patients with Fournier’s Gangrene: A Meta-Analysis. Medicina (Kaunas) 2026;62(6):1199.

Mortality: 9.55% (HBOT) vs 27.45% (control); RR 0.33 (95% CI 0.23–0.48, p<0.001). A large, significant

Hulshof 2002

Hulshof MCCM, Stark NM, van der Kleij A, Sminia P, Smeding HMM, Gonzalez Gonzalez D. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for cognitive disorders after irradiation of the brain. Strahlenther Onkol 2002;178(4):192–198.

All eligible patients completed HBO and testing (feasible). 1 of 7 patients had a meaningful improvement in neuropsychological functioning. At 3 months the HBO group showed a small but NOT significant benefit vs the untreated group.

Hussain 2026

Hussain SA, Rehman R, Amin F, Abid A, Saleem N. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjunct to standard medical and surgical care for diabetic foot ulcers: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes 2026;75(Suppl 1):1462-P (ADA Scientific Sessions abstract).

19 RCTs, 1269 participants (635 HBOT, 634 control). Ulcer healing RR 1.97 (95% CI 1.48–2.62), Major amputation RR 0.48 (0.24–0.97) (7 RCTs); no significant effect on minor amputation Publication-bias signal (funnel plot, Egger p < 0.001) → cautious interpretation.

Hwang 2016

Hwang K. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy to Avoid Blindness From Filler Injection. J Craniofac Surg 2016;27(8):2154–2155.

A brief technical-strategy note: reviews that of 98 filler/fat-injection blindness cases only 2 recovered vision, notes only 2 prior HBOT-in-ophthalmic-artery-occlusion cases (neither improved), and relays one favourable case (central retinal vein + cilioretinal artery occlusion) treated with HBOT (2-hour sessions at 253 kPa daily for 14 days) whose visual acuity returned from 20/200 to 20/20 — at

Hwang 2019

Hwang L, Song M, Lee Y, Shin TM. Methods for preventing middle ear barotrauma in computer-controlled pressurization of monoplace hyperbaric chambers. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(2):107-116.

Hyldegaard 2025

Hyldegaard O, Nekludov M, Arnell P, Nedrebø T, Karlsson Y, Madsen MB, Skrede S, … Norrby-Teglund A, Hedetoft M. Use of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Patients with Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections: A Scandinavian Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Cohort. Infect Dis Ther 2025;14:1715–1738.

All-cause mortality — HBO₂ vs non-HBO₂: 30-day 22/325 (7%) vs 34/80 (43%); 90-day 36/325 (11%) In exploratory analysis, HBO₂ was associated with lower 30-day all-cause mortality — unadjusted and Critical caveat (authors' own): HBO₂-treated patients were LESS acutely ill (lower SAPS-2/SOFA)

Icme 2014

Icme F, Kozaci N, Ay MO, Avci A, Gumusay U, Yilmaz M, Satar S (Turkey). The relationship between blood lactate, carboxy-hemoglobin and clinical status in CO poisoning. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014;18(3):393–397.

Lactate and COHb were significantly higher in patients with GCS < 15 than GCS = 15 (p < 0.01) — both track clinical severity in acute CO poisoning. Treatments recorded (NBOT/HBOT) but the study is a severity-biomarker analysis, not an efficacy comparison.

Imbert 2022

Imbert JP, Massimelli JY, Kulkarni A, Matity L, Bryson P. A review of accelerated decompression from heliox saturation in commercial diving emergencies. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(4):245-259.

Inman 2020

Inman AL, Sorrell LP, Lagina AT. Decompression sickness responsive to delayed treatment with hyperbaric oxygen: a case report of two divers. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(4):551-554.

Ivanov 2020

Ivanov M, Brkic P, Vajic UJ, Mihailovic-Stanojevic N, Milacic D, Jovovic D, Karanovic D, Djelic M, Jeremic R, Miloradovic Z. Hyperbaric oxygenation protects the kidney against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):21-30.

Jacoby 2024

Jacoby H, Camporesi EM, Ross SB, Sucandy I, Bosco G, Syblis C, et al. Outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy with or without preoperative hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(1):7-15 (DOI 10.22462/648).

Jain 2017

Jain KK. HBO therapy in the management of radionecrosis (Textbook of Hyperbaric Medicine, chapter 17). Springer International Publishing 2017;(ch 17):207-219.

Jalabi 2001

Jalabi MW, Abidia A, Kuhan G, Laden G, Verma D, McCollum PT. The safety and effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with diabetic retinopathy — a double-blind randomised controlled trial. Undersea Hyperb Med 2001;28(Suppl):abstract P99 (UHMS Annual Scientific Meeting, San Antonio).

A significant myopic shift developed with oxygen vs controls at 3 months (P=0.019 right eye, No significant change in ocular blood flow or tonometry in either group. No new vessel formation on retinal photography/angiography, and no regression or worsening of

Jang 2018

Jang DH, Khatri UG, Shortal BP, Kelly M, Hardy K, Lambert DS, et al. Alterations in mitochondrial respiration and reactive oxygen species in patients poisoned with carbon monoxide treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018;6(1):4.

Jay 1997

Jay GD, McKindley DS. Alterations in pharmacokinetics of carboxyhemoglobin produced by oxygen under pressure. Undersea Hyperb Med 1997;24(3):165–173.

COHb half-life: 26.3 ± 3.7 min on HBO vs 71.3 ± 9.9 min on NBO (P<0.05) — HBO roughly halved Elevated O₂ partial pressure shifted COHb elimination from zero-order to first-order kinetics Authors: HBO provides a pharmacokinetic advantage over non-rebreather-mask O₂ for clearing mild

Jingami 2024

Jingami N, Cho K, Nitta T, Takatani M, Kobayashi K, Takenaka R, Sugita N, Ohtsuru S. Case report: consecutive hyperbaric oxygen therapy for delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy resulting from CHANTER syndrome caused by opioid intoxication. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024;11:1364038 (PMID 38695031. DOI 10.3389/fmed.2024.1364038).

Jingami 2025

Jingami N, Nitta T, Ishiguro Y, Takatani Y, Yunoki T, Ohtsuru S. Position change during hyperbaric oxygen therapy for arterial gas embolism. Undersea Hyperb Med 2025;52(2):157-161.

Johnson-Arbor 2014

Johnson-Arbor K. Does sensory neuropathy increase the risk for asymptomatic otic barotrauma during hyperbaric oxygen therapy? An editorial perspective. Undersea Hyperb Med 2014;41(4):265-266.

Johnson-Arbor 2017

Johnson-Arbor K, Falola R, Kelty J, Barbour J, Attinger C. Use of indocyanine green fluorescent angiography in a hyperbaric patient with soft tissue radiation necrosis: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(3):273-278.

Johnson-Arbor 2024

Johnson-Arbor K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treatment of vascular occlusion after permanent dermal filler injection. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(4):403-406 (DOI 10.22462/655).

Joshua 2022

Joshua TG, Ayub A, Wijesinghe P, Nunez DA. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Patients With Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022;148(1):5–11.

Mean absolute hearing gain +10.3 dB (95% CI 6.5–14.1; I²=0%) favouring HBOT. Odds of hearing recovery (≥10 dB PTA gain) OR 4.3 (95% CI 1.6–11.7; I²=0%) favouring HBOT. Benefit was seen with HBOT as part of a combination regimen (with steroids).

Jüttner 2021

Jüttner B, Busch HJ, Callies A, Dormann H, Janisch T, Kaiser G, Körner-Göbel H, Kluba K, Kluge S, Leidel BA, Müller O, Naser J, Pohl C, Reiter K, Schneider D, Staps E, Welslau W, Wißuwa H, Wöbker G, Muche-Borowski C. S2k guideline diagnosis and treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. Ger Med Sci 2021;19:Doc13.

100% normobaric oxygen is the immediate treatment for all symptomatic CO exposure; management is by On HBOT, the guideline is deliberately cautious: the evidence of benefit is regarded as

Jüttner 2023

Jüttner B, Wölfel C, Camponovo C, et al. S2k guideline for diving accidents. Ger Med Sci 2023;21:Doc01.

A multi-society S2k clinical practice guideline on the management of diving accidents — decompression illness (DCI): decompression sickness and arterial gas embolism. Covers pre-hospital 100% oxygen, fluids, and recompression / hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Kaczerska 2019

Kaczerska D, Siermontowski P, Kozakiewicz M, Krefft K, Olszański R. Dehydration of a diver during a hyperbaric chamber exposure with oxygen decompression. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(2):185-188.

Kalani 2002

Kalani M, Jörneskog G, Naderi N, Lind F, Brismar K. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Long-term follow-up. J Diabetes Complications 2002;16(2):153–158.

Complete healing with intact skin at 3 years: 76% (Group A / HBO) vs 48% (Group B / conventional). Amputation: 2/17 (12%) HBO vs 7/21 (33%) conventional. Baseline blood pressure, HbA1c, diabetes duration and basal TcPO₂ were similar — but the groups

Kara 2021

Kara S, İnci E, Gözen ED, Gülgün KC, Yener HM. Results of hyperbaric oxygen treatment in an at-risk nasal flap following trauma. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(2):207-209.

Katsnelson 2025

Katsnelson G, Salvatori M, Djaiani G, Greer E, Tarshis J, Katznelson R. Safety and efficacy of continuous glucose monitoring devices in individuals with diabetes undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a scoping review. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(2):164-172 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.2.164-172).

Kaur 2012

Kaur S, Pawar M, Banerjee N, Garg R. Evaluation of the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of chronic nonhealing ulcer and role of periwound transcutaneous oximetry as a predictor of wound healing response: A randomized prospective controlled trial. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2012;28(1):70–75.

Wound area: 59% reduction (HT) vs a 26% increase (CT). Complete healing in 3 (HT) vs 0 (CT); wound-score improvement in 10 (HT) vs 5 (CT); surgical Amputation: 1 (HT) vs 5 (CT). A positive correlation was found between TcPO₂ and markers of

Kavram 2025

Kavram G, Yasa B, Bor M, Bilgin L, Ince EZ, Mirasoglu B, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of neonates: a case series. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(3):284-288 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.3.284-288).

Kawashima 2020

Kawashima M, Yamaguchi T, Tamura H, Kawashima M. Treatment of Osteomyelitis by Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. 2020:67–80.

A textbook chapter, and it must be cited as one. It is a narrative account of the rationale, the protocol and the older clinical literature for hyperbaric oxygen in osteomyelitis, written by the orthopaedic team at Kawashima Orthopaedic Hospital, Nakatsu, Japan. It has no methods section, no search strategy, no inclusion criteria and no synthesis. Embedded in it are the authors' own uncontrolled i

Keim 2018

Keim L, Koneru S, Ramos VFM, Murr N, Hoffnung DS, Murman DL, Cooper JS, Torres-Russotto D. Hyperbaric oxygen for late sequelae of carbon monoxide poisoning enhances neurological recovery: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(1):83-87 (PMID 29571236).

UHMS 2021

Kelly M, Gelly H, Shapshak D; Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. UHMS Position Statement: Office-based hyperbaric oxygen facility credentialing guidelines. Version 3, 26 March 2021.

Kelly 2024

Kelly M, Gelly H, O'Neill O, Shapshak D. UHMS Position Statement: Physician's Duties in Hyperbaric Medicine - 99183. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(2):v–viii.

Physician oversight of HBO₂ delivery is central to safety and quality; the statement articulates the International-society governance guidance (authority tier), aligned with the SAUHMA policy that a

Keogh 1973

Keogh AJ. Clostridial brain abscess and hyperbaric oxygen. Postgrad Med J 1973;49(567):64–66.

A single case report — described by the author as the first case of "gas gangrene" of the brain treated with hyperbaric oxygen — with a short narrative review of the previously published cases. It is not a series, not a cohort, and contains no comparison group. This is the one paper in the wiki's intracranial-abscess set whose author argues AGAINST hyperbaric oxygen. The summary states: "It is sug

Keohane 2023

Keohane C, Westby D, Nolan FC, Twyford M, Tawfick W, Walsh SR. Hyperbaric Oxygen as an Adjunct in the Treatment of Venous Ulcers: A Systematic Review. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2023;57(6):607–616.

Systematic review (PRISMA; RoB-2 / ROBINS-I) of HBOT for venous leg ulcer (VLU) — does HBOT increase complete VLU healing or reduce VLU area vs controls. Six studies, with significant heterogeneity (no standard control, outcome reporting, or follow-up duration).

Kessler 2003

Kessler L, Bilbault P, Ortéga F, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygenation Accelerates the Healing Rate of Nonischemic Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Care 2003;26(8):2378–2382.

Ulcer-area reduction at day 15 (end of HBO): 41.8% ± 25.5 (HBO) vs 21.7% ± 16.9 (control) — P=0.037 Benefit not sustained at day 30 (48.1% vs 41.7%, NS) — a time-dependent effect. Peri-ulcer TcPO₂ rose markedly during HBO (21.9 → 454.2 mmHg, P<0.001); complete healing in 2 (HBO) vs

Khallouli 2020

Khallouli A, Khelifi K, Saidane R, Choura R, Maalej A, Ben Sassi R. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of central retinal vein occlusion with cilioretinal artery occlusion secondary to hormonal treatment: Case report and review. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(4):431-436.

Khan 2024

Khan H, Islam MS, Kaur M, Burns JK, Etherington C, Dion PM, et al. Efficacy of searching in biomedical databases beyond MEDLINE in identifying randomised controlled trials on hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2024;54(1):2-8 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.1.2-8).

Khan 2024

Khan S, Brenna CTA, Pendergrast J, Malinowski AK, Salvatori M, Katznelson R, Tarshis J. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy during Pregnancy for Critical Anemia Secondary to Sickle Cell Disease with Post-Transfusion Hyperhemolysis: A Case Report. Hematol Rep 2024;16(3):552–558.

Baseline. Pre-pregnancy haemoglobin on hydroxyurea ranged from 90 to 100 g/L; the printed The transfusion reaction. Pre-exchange Hb was 93 g/L with HbS 73.4%; post-exchange Hb was 96 g/L HBOT prescription. 100% oxygen in a monoplace chamber at 2.8 ATA, reduced to 2.0 ATA for the

Kılınç 2025

Kılınç O, Günaydın F, Sakarya B, Demirtaş İ, Aslan B. The Effect of Fasciotomy Timing on Limb Vitality and Functionality in Kahramanmaras/Turkey Earthquake. Acta Orthop Belg 2025;91(4):495–502.

Fasciotomy timing dominates outcome: mean RFT 25.1 h (good outcome) vs 47.1 h (poor), p<0.05; HBOT associated with better outcomes: good-outcome rate higher with HBOT (p=0.006); on logistic

Kim 2018

Kim DU, Rao A, Kaplan S, Baksh F, Caprioli R, Haight J, Ferguson RG, Pliskin M, Oropallo A. The use of indocyanine green fluorescence angiography to assess perfusion of chronic wounds in patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(6):663-671.

Kim 2020

Kim YS, Nam MS, Park EJ, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim SH, Cha YS. The effect of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with central retinal artery occlusion. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):57-64.

A registry-based observational study with a concurrent control group — the design most of this indication's literature lacks. Adults presenting within 24 hours of CRAO symptom onset between October 2016 and February 2019. Thirty-four consecutive patients were identified; 19 were included. Fourteen were excluded for presenting more than 24 hours after onset and one for failing to attend follow-up f

Kim 2020

Kim YS, Youn YJ, Cha YS. Successful use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for limb salvage of acute limb ischemia as a complication of acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(2) (PMID 32574440; DOI 10.22462/04.06.2020.9).

Kim 2022

Kim HB, Nah S, Choi SW, Kim GW, Lee YH, Moon JE, Han S. Objective predictors of delayed neurological sequelae in patients with altered mental status after carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(1):569-577.

Kirk 1976

Kirk J, Wingate GWH, Watson ER. High-dose effects in the treatment of carcinoma of the bladder under air and hyperbaric oxygen conditions. Clin Radiol 1976;27(2):137–144.

Despite the same modal dose, about one-third of patients showed exceptionally high "high-dose

Kjellberg 2025 (HOT-LoCO)

Kjellberg A, et al. (Karolinska). Ten sessions of hyperbaric oxygen versus sham treatment in patients with long covid (HOT-LoCO): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase II trial. BMJ Open 2025;15(4):e094386.

Primary endpoints (RAND-36 physical functioning & role-physical at 13 weeks): NO significant difference Harms: favourable — 43 AEs in 49% of HBOT vs 38 AEs in 44% of placebo (mostly cough, chest Conclusion: 10 HBOT sessions did not show more short-term benefit than placebo for long COVID.

Childers 2025

Childers EJ, Baynosa RC. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on compromised grafts and flaps. Undersea Hyperb Med 2025;52(3):381-396.

Knighton 1983

Knighton DR, Hunt TK, Scheuenstuhl H, Halliday BJ, Werb Z, Banda MJ. Oxygen tension regulates the expression of angiogenesis factor by macrophages. Science 1983;221(4617):1283-1285.

Knighton 1984

Knighton DR, Halliday B, Hunt TK. Oxygen as an antibiotic. The effect of inspired oxygen on infection. Arch Surg 1984;119(2):199-204.

Knighton 1990

Knighton DR, Phillips GD, Fiegel VD. Wound healing angiogenesis: indirect stimulation by basic fibroblast growth factor. J Trauma 1990;30(12 Suppl):S134-S144.

Kohshi 2003

Kohshi K, Imada H, Nomoto S, Yamaguchi R, Abe H, Yamamoto H. Successful treatment of radiation-induced brain necrosis by hyperbaric oxygen therapy. J Neurol Sci 2003;209(1-2):115-117.

Koren 2015

Koren L, Ginesin E, Melamed Y, Norman D, Levin D, Peled E. Hyperbaric oxygen for stage I and II femoral head osteonecrosis. Orthopedics 2015;38(3):e200–e205.

Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa. Clinical and MRI records were reviewed for 68 patients (78 joints) with symptomatic Steinberg stage I or II osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated with hyperbaric oxygen from July 1996 to August 2012. Staging was by the criteria of Steinberg et al, on MRI read by certified musculoskeletal radiologists.

Korhonen 1999

Korhonen K, Klossner J, Hirn M, Niinikoski J. Management of clostridial gas gangrene and the role of hyperbaric oxygen. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1999;88(2):139–142.

Mortality 12/53 (22.6%). HBO decreased systemic toxicity and prevented further extension of infection, improving overall

Korpinar 2022

Korpinar S. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment in a rare complication of intramuscular injection: four cases of Nicolau syndrome. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(2):149-153.

Kot 2005

Kot J. Medical equipment for multiplace hyperbaric chambers. Part I: Devices for monitoring and cardiac support. Eur J Underwater Hyperb Med 2005;6(4):115-120.

Kot 2006

Kot J. Medical equipment for multiplace hyperbaric chambers. Part II: Ventilators. Eur J Underwater Hyperb Med 2006;7(1):9-12.

Kot 2006

Kot J. Medical equipment for multiplace hyperbaric chambers. Part III: Infusion pumps and syringes. Eur J Underwater Hyperb Med 2006;7(2):29-31.

Kot 2014

Kot J. Medical devices and procedures in the hyperbaric chamber. Diving Hyperb Med 2014;44(4):223-227.

Kot 2015

Kot J. Staffing and training issues in critical care hyperbaric medicine. Diving Hyperb Med 2015;45(1):47-50.

Kot 2021

Kot J, Lenkiewicz E, Lizak E, Góralczyk P, Chreptowicz U. Spinal cord decompression sickness in an inside attendant after a standard hyperbaric oxygen treatment session. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(1):103-106.

Kot 2025 letter and Wilmshurst 2025 reply

Kot J; with reply by Wilmshurst PT, Edge C. PFO and DCS of hyperbaric personnel [letter]; Reply — PFO and DCS of hyperbaric personnel. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(1):65-66.

Krajčovičová 2018

Krajčovičová Z, Meluš V, Zigo R, Matišáková I, Večeřa J, Kašlíková K. Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a supplementary therapy of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in the Slovak Republic. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(3):363–370.

HBO group: statistically significant improvement in auditory threshold in ALL frequency groups (P<0.001). Control group: significant mean auditory gain only in the 1,000–2,000 Hz zone (P=0.01), with recovery

Kranke 2015

Kranke P, Bennett MH, Martyn-St James M, Schnabel A, Debus SE, Weibel S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;Issue 6:CD004123 (searches to 17 Feb 2015; re-published Issue 3, 2020 — edited, no change to conclusions).

DFU healing at 6 weeks: pooled 5 trials (205 pts) — RR 2.35 (95% CI 1.19–4.62; P = 0.01) Major amputation (DFU): pooled 5 trials (312 pts) — RR 0.36 (95% CI 0.11–1.18), not Venous ulcers: 1 trial (16 pts) — significant ulcer-area reduction at 6 weeks only

Krimus 2023

Krimus L, Hasan Rizvi S, Marinov A, Clarke H, Katznelson R. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for treatment of COVID-19-related parosmia: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(4):433-435 (DOI 10.22462/01.01.2023.25).

Kumar 2020

Kumar A, Shukla U, Prabhakar T, Srivastava D. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as an adjuvant to standard therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2020;36(2):213–218.

Complete healing without any surgical intervention: 78% (group H) vs 0% (group S), P=0.001. Amputation: 2 patients (group H) needed distal amputation vs 3 (group S) proximal amputation —

Kumar 2024

Kumar S, Chaudhry H, Mohanty C, Bhutani S, Risham M, Lanjekar K. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) in a case of traumatic chondronecrosis of the cricoid cartilage. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2024;54(3):249-251 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.3.249-251).

Kuo 2022

Kuo TC, Chao WC, Yang CH, Tsai MS, Tsai YT, Lee YC. Intratympanic steroid injection versus hyperbaric oxygen therapy in refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a meta-analysis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022;279(1):83–90.

No significant difference in mean post-treatment hearing gain between ITS and HBO salvage. Word discrimination and hearing gain across 250–8000 Hz were comparable between the two.

Kurschel 2006

Kurschel S, Mohia A, Weigl V, Eder HG. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of brain abscess in children. Childs Nerv Syst 2006;22:38–42 (the article header prints volume 22, pages 38–42; no issue number is printed on the paper).

All five children improved clinically, with continuous regression of the inflammatory pathology on At 6 months all five were in good clinical condition without neurological sequelae, except one child No recurrence at a mean follow-up of 21 months (range 7–72 months).

Kutlay 2005

Kutlay M, Çolak A, Yıldız Ş, Demircan N, Akın ON. Stereotactic aspiration and antibiotic treatment combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of bacterial brain abscesses. Neurosurgery 2005;57(6):1140–1146 (the PDF prints DOI 10.1227/01.NEU.0000186012.95462.E5 on the title page although the PubMed record carries no DOI).

All 13 patients achieved infection control and healing. Mortality 0%. Recurrence after completion of Two abscesses recollected within the first 2 weeks and were re-aspirated on days 6 and 9 — an early Outcome at end of follow-up: 12 patients in good condition — 9 (69.2%) without sequelae, 3 (23%) with

Kwee 2024

Kwee E, Borgdorff M, Schepers T, Halm JA, Winters HAH, Weenink RP, Ridderikhof ML, Giannakópoulos GF (Amsterdam UMC). Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of severe lower limb soft tissue injuries: a systematic review. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2024;50(3):1093–1100.

7 studies, 229 patients — 2 RCTs, 1 retrospective cohort, 3 case series, 1 case report. The placebo-controlled RCT favoured HBO; the non-placebo RCT found early HBO reduced tissue necrosis and

Lakkis 2025

Lakkis T, Elshoura AMA, Soria Behr GA, Eduardo Mauricio MC, Sil-Zavaleta S, Cai LY, Rai M. Central Retinal Artery Occlusion in Acute Care: Current Practices and Emerging Therapies. Cureus 2025;17(9):e92786.

Positions HBOT and targeted thrombolysis as promising emerging therapies within a multidisciplinary

Lalieu 2020

Lalieu RC, Brouwer RJ, Ubbink DT, Hoencamp R, Bol Raap R, van Hulst RA. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for nonischemic diabetic ulcers: A systematic review. Wound Repair Regen 2020;28(2):266–275.

7 studies (2 RCTs) restricted to non-ischaemic diabetic foot ulcers. No significant difference in complete wound healing (5 studies), major amputation (2 no difference; 1 large retrospective study found 2% more major amputations with HBO, uncorrected for baseline), or minor amputation (2 studies). Conclusion: current evidence suggests HBO does not accelerate wound healing (or reduce amputation) in non-ischaemic diabetic ulcers…

Lalieu 2020

Lalieu RC, Bol Raap RD, Dubois EFL, van Hulst RA. Sudden death after oxygen toxicity seizure during hyperbaric oxygen treatment: Case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(2):185-188.

Lalieu 2021

Lalieu RC, Akkerman I, van Hulst RA. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Venous Leg Ulcers: A 6 Year Retrospective Study of Results of a Single Center. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021;8:671678.

37/50 (63%) achieved complete or near-complete wound healing. Wound size decreased by ~94% (median decrease 7.5 cm²; IQR 16.2). Patients mostly reported

Lansdorp 2017

Lansdorp CA, Roukema GR, Boonstra O, Dokter J, van der Vlies CH. Delayed treatment of frostbite with hyperbaric oxygen: a report of two cases. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(4):365-369.

Larsson 2012

Larsson AC, Uusijärvi J, Frånberg O, Eksborg S, Lindholm P. Nitrox permits direct exit for attendants during extended hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Undersea Hyperb Med 2012;39(1):605-612.

Latusek 2023

Latusek K, Slotwinska A, Michniak A, Orzechowska-Wylegala B. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on periodontal disease: a literature review. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(1):17-27 (DOI 10.22462/01.01.2023.17).

Laupland 2023

Laupland BR, Laupland K, Thistlethwaite K, Webb R. Contemporary practices of blood glucose management in diabetic patients: a survey of hyperbaric medicine units in Australia and New Zealand. Diving Hyperb Med 2023;53(3):230-236 (DOI 10.28920/dhm53.3.230-236).

Laupland 2024

Laupland BR, Laupland KB, Thistlethwaite K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a cohort study of 10 versus more than 10 treatments. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(4):275-280 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.4.275-280).

Lavery 2020

Lavery LA, Killeen AL, Farrar D, Akgul Y, Crisologo PA, Malone M, Davis KE. The effect of continuous diffusion of oxygen treatment on cytokines, perfusion, bacterial load, and healing in patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Int Wound J 2020;17(6):1986-1995.

Lawson-Smith 2010

Lawson-Smith P, Jansen EC, Hilsted L, Hyldegaard O. Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on whole blood cyanide concentrations in carbon monoxide intoxicated patients from fire accidents. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2010;18:32.

Baseline WB-CN did not differ between fire and non-fire CO patients (p=0.42). HBO did not significantly change WB-CN (before-vs-after difference similar between groups, p=0.7);

Le 2013

Le PJ; with contributions from Fife CE and Gelly HB. Interpretation of the study "Lack of effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer and the prevention of amputation". Undersea Hyperb Med 2013;40(3):307-310.

Leder Macek 2024

Leder Macek AJ, Wang RS, Cottrell J, Kay-Rivest E, McMenomey SO, Roland JT, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss - A Comorbidity Lens. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(4):393-402 (DOI 10.22462/730).

LeDez 2016

LeDez KM; introduced by Camporesi EM. Serious concerns about the Toronto hyperbaric oxygen for diabetic foot ulcer study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2016;43(6):737-742.

Lee 2020

Lee S, Han J, Heo T. Successful adjunctive treatment of compartment syndrome due to acute isocyanate inhalation using hyperbaric oxygen therapy: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(3):455-459.

Lee 2021

Lee Y, Cha YS, Kim SH, Kim H. Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Initiation Time in Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Crit Care Med 2021;49(10):e910–e919.

HBO within 6 h → significantly fewer poor 6-month neurocognitive outcomes than 6–24 h (p=0.027), and Dose-response: poor outcomes rose as the treatment interval lengthened (p=0.008); the early advantage

Lee 2021

Lee JS, Cha YS. Application of a new hyperbaric oxygen therapy protocol in patients with arterial and venous gas embolism due to hydrogen peroxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(2):187-193.

Lee 2021

Lee CH, Choi JG, Lee JS, Lee Y, Kim H, Kim YS, Cha YS. Seizure during hyperbaric oxygen therapy: experience at a single academic hospital in Korea. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(1).

Lee 2022

Lee YJ, Jung SK, Lee JH, Kang HD, Oh SH, Ban SD. Efficiency of a 24-hour on-call system for early recompression therapy for acute decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(4):507-518.

Lee 2025

Lee JY, Hyun MH, Yang G, Lee S. Efficacy and safety of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation-induced dermatitis in patients with breast cancer: a randomized pilot study. Support Care Cancer 2025;33(5):399.

25/30 completed. Grade ≥2 RID 73.3% in both arms — no difference (p=0.700). No statistically significant differences in any primary or secondary endpoint; non-significant trends toward Authors: no significant reduction in RID; larger trials with optimized HBOT protocols needed.

Lee 2025

Lee JH, Lee HY, Sun KH, Heo T, Lee SM. Risk Factors for Middle Ear Barotrauma in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Undergoing Monoplace Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2025;14(9):2984.

LeGros and Murphy-Lavoie 2020

LeGros TL, Murphy-Lavoie H. HBO2 for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Indications, 14th edition, Chapter 9). Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(2):271-295.

Lehm 2003

Lehm JP, Bennett MH. Predictors of middle ear barotrauma associated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. SPUMS J 2003;33(3):127-133.

Lentrodt 2007

Lentrodt S, Lentrodt J, Kübler N, Mödder U. Hyperbaric oxygen for adjuvant therapy for chronically recurrent mandibular osteomyelitis in childhood and adolescence. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65(2):186–191.

All 3 patients have been free of any symptoms from 20 to 74 months (mean, 41 months) and "therefore Case 1 — an 11-year-old girl, chronic osteomyelitis on MRI, treated with penicillin G, Case 2 — a 13-year-old boy, the most instructive of the three. He had had the unerupted left

Levett 2015

Levett D, Bennett MH, Millar I. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;1:CD007937.

No trials met the inclusion criteria — there are no randomised/pseudo-randomised trials of The review therefore could neither support nor refute HBOT for NF; good-quality trials are needed.

Levin 1999

Levin D, Norman D, Zinman C, Rubinstein L, Sabo E, Misselevich I, Reis D, Boss JH. Treatment of experimental avascular necrosis of the femoral head with hyperbaric oxygen in rats: histological evaluation of the femoral heads during the early phase of the reparative process. Exp Mol Pathol 1999;67(2):99-108.

Levin 2025

Levin EG, Ritter A, Bachar G, Mizrachi A, Shoffel-Havakuk H, Kurman N, Popovtzer A, Hamzany Y. Management of laryngeal chondroradionecrosis: a single-center experience. Head Neck 2025;47(1):299-307.

Lewis 2005

Lewis AL, Hardy KR, Huang ET, Bolotin T, Clark JM, Thom SR. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy decreases gross hematuria and improves quality of life in patients with radiation cystitis. Undersea Hyperb Med 2005;32(4):236 — UHMS Annual Scientific Meeting abstract.

26 enrolled, 7 withdrew. Spontaneous resolution of gross haematuria (before HBOT): 3/19 (15.8%). Resolution after HBOT: 14/16 (87.5%).

Leys 2026 chronic pain

Leys AM, Hans GH, Saldien V, Wildemeersch D. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Managing Chronic Pain Syndromes – A Systematic Review. J Pain Res 2026;19:597243 (PMID 41913797 DOI 10.2147/JPR.S597243).

Li 2017

Li W, Ye Z, Wang W, Wang K, Li L, Zhao D. Clinical effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of femoral head necrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthopade 2017;46(5):440–446 (article in English).

Clinical effect strongly favoured HBO: OR 4.95 (95% CI 3.24–7.55, P<0.00001). Held in subgroups: Asian OR 4.77 (3.06–7.44); non-Asian OR 7.07 (1.77–28.27).

Li 2017

Li N, Meng X-E, Guo D-Z, Fan D-F, Pan S-Y. Wound healing process and related laboratory indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after hyperbaric oxygen intervention. Biomed Res (India) 2017;28(20):9005–9010.

Wound area: significantly smaller in the HBO arm than control at weeks 2–5 of treatment (P<0.05). Markers at 30 days: HBO arm had lower CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA and higher SOD-1, VEGF, Ang-2 than

Li 2020

Li H, Bai X, Pan S. Repetitive 1.6 ATA hyperbaric oxygen therapy for bilateral ARCO Stage II steroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(4):625-633.

Li 2021

Li Y, Xu X, Bao J, Wang W. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment on brain antioxidant capacity in rats with decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(3):287-295.

Lifson 2021

Lifson N, Salloum G, Kurochkin P, Bivona M, Yin HY, Alpert S. Treatment outcomes on neovascularization after CRAO treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(4):425-430.

Lim 2021

Lim ML, Kim SJ, Tan MK, Lim KH, See HG. Provision of emergency hyperbaric oxygen treatment for a patient during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(1):78-81.

Lin 2001

Lin TF, Chen SB, Niu KC. The vascular effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treatment of early diabetic foot. Undersea Hyperb Med 2001;28(Suppl):abstract Q120.

After 30 sessions, the HBO group showed significantly improved TcPO₂ (57.7 vs 35.8 mmHg, control), ABI did not differ significantly between groups (p0.05) — the effect was on microvascular

Lin 2009

Lin HY, Ku CH, Liu DW, Chao HL, Lin CS, Jen YM. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation-associated tissue necroses: is it safe in patients with locoregionally recurrent and then successfully salvaged head-and-neck cancers? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;74(4):1077-1082.

Letter to the Editor 2010

Letters to the Editor (authors as printed in the correspondence section). Correspondence on: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation-associated tissue necroses: is it safe in patients with locoregionally recurrent and then successfully salvaged head-and-neck cancers? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010;77.

Lin 2018

Lin CH, Su WH, Chen YC, Feng PH, Shen WC, Ong JR, Wu MY, Wong CS. Treatment with normobaric or hyperbaric oxygen and its effect on neuropsychometric dysfunction after carbon monoxide poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97(39):e12456 (PMID 30278526. DOI 10.1097/MD.0000000000012456).

Lin 2020

Lin LJ, Alfonso AR, Ross FL, Chiu ES, Fleisher KE. Management of stage 0 medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a case report and review of the literature. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(2):241-251.

Lin 2023

Lin ZC, Bennett MH, Hawkins GC, Azzopardi CP, Feldmeier J, Smee R, Milross C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late radiation tissue injury. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023;8(8):CD005005.

Cochrane systematic review / meta-analysis of RCTs of HBOT vs no HBOT for treating or preventing late radiation tissue injury (LRTI). Eighteen studies, 1071 participants (publications 1985–2022) — four new studies added, with new evidence for radiation proctitis, radiation cystitis, and prevention & treatment of osteoradionecrosis (ORN). GRADE used for certainty.

Lin 2024

Lin CY, et al. Salvage therapy for refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss (RSSNHL): a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Audiol 2024 (online).

Lin 2025

Lin N, Yu E, Lussier A, Gouin E, Lindholm P. Use of in-water recompression for decompression illness after deep freediving: a case series. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):376-383.

Lindblom 2021

Lindblom U, Tosterud C. Pulmonary barotrauma with cerebral arterial gas embolism from a depth of 0.75−1.2 metres of fresh water or less: A case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(2):224-226.

Lindenmann 2021

Lindenmann J, Smolle C, Kamolz LP, Smolle-Juettner FM, Graier WF. Survey of Molecular Mechanisms of Hyperbaric Oxygen in Tissue Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22(21):11754.

Correspondence 2023

Correspondence (author as printed in the letters section). Carbon monoxide poisoning: lest we forget. Diving Hyperb Med 2023;53(3):292.

Liu 2012

Liu WW, Liu K, Mao D, Xu WG, Tao HY. Claustrophobia during routine hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Undersea Hyperb Med 2012;39(1):619-620.

Liu 2013

Liu R, Li L, Yang M, Boden G, Yang G. Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygenation Therapy in the Management of Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Mayo Clin Proc 2013;88(2):166–175.

13 controlled trials, 624 patients (7 randomised), 1966–2012. Adjunctive HBO vs no-HBO: healed ulcers RR 2.33 (95% CI 1.51–3.60); major amputation RR 0.29 (0.19–0.44); minor amputation not significantly affected (P=.30). Adverse events rare and reversible, not more frequent than without HBO (P=.37). Conclusion: HBO improved healing and reduced major-amputation risk in chronic DFU.

Liu 2024

Liu A, Hou X, Nie J, Wen Q, Pan Z. Decompression sickness followed by diabetic ketoacidosis and sepsis shock: an unusual case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(1):41-46.

Liu 2024

Liu X, Xu X, Lei Q, Jin X, Deng X, Xie H. Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treating sudden sensorineural hearing loss: an umbrella review. Front Neurol 2024;15:1453055.

Aggregates the existing SSNHL systematic reviews rather than primary trials; concludes HBO has a Mechanistic rationale: HBO raises cochlear oxygenation and promotes tissue repair.

Liu 2026

Liu Y, Yang C, Song Y, Sun Y, Wang H, Zhang Y, Tang H, Li Y. Survival rate and risk factors of implants in patients with head and neck neoplasms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2026;26:1266.

Irradiated bone: lower survival vs non-irradiated (18 studies, RR 0.95). HBO: significantly higher implant survival with HBO vs without (5 studies). Grafted bone also had lower survival (RR 0.92).

Liu 2026 post-stroke cognition

Liu J, Han T, Yan C, Ma Q, Yu L, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with computerized cognitive training improves global cognition in post-stroke cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2026 (DOI 10.1186/s12984-026-01992-x).

Löndahl 2010

Löndahl M, Katzman P, Nilsson A, Hammarlund C. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Facilitates Healing of Chronic Foot Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010;33(5):998–1003.

Complete healing of the index ulcer at 1 year: 52% (HBOT) vs 29% (placebo), p=0.03 (ITT). Per-protocol (35 sessions completed): 61% vs 27%, p=0.009. Adverse-event frequency low.

Löndahl 2011

Löndahl M, Fagher K, Katzman P. What is the role of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of diabetic foot disease? Curr Diab Rep 2011;11(4):285–293.

Historic HBO use rested on "weak scientific ground" (few, small studies), but the consistency of Two well-designed randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials have since put HBO on firmer TcPO₂ (transcutaneous oxygen) shows promise for predicting who will benefit — the reconciling

Löndahl and Boulton 2020

Löndahl M, Boulton AJM. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in diabetic foot ulceration: useless or useful? A battle. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020;36(Suppl 1):e3233.

Longobardi 2020

Longobardi P, Hartwig V, Santarella L, Hoxha K, Campos J, Laurino M, Salvo P, Trivella MG, Coceani F, Rocco M, et al. Potential markers of healing from near infrared spectroscopy imaging of venous leg ulcer. A randomized controlled clinical trial comparing conventional with hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Wound Repair Regen 2020;28(6):856–866.

Design: RCT, 81 patients with hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers (73 completed; 511 NIRS images), 3 arms — A = 30 HBO sessions twice daily over 3 weeks + conventional; B = 30 HBO once daily over 6 weeks + conventional; C = conventional therapy only. HBO adjunctive. Healing: at 6 weeks, area reduction B 65.5% and C 56.8% vs A 29.7% (P<0.01) — the intensive twice-daily arm did worst, below conventional alone. Complete healing B 20%…

Lopes 2020

Lopes JRA, Dias MD, Correa JA, Batalha MAB, et al. Randomized controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in facilitating the healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetic patients: the study protocol. Trials 2020;21:816.

None — protocol only. Outcomes will appear in the eventual results publication.

Louge 2023

Louge P, Pignel R, Serratrice J, Stirnemann J. Validation of sham treatment in hyperbaric medicine: a randomised trial. Diving Hyperb Med 2023;53(1):51–54.

60 volunteers compressed to 1.1, 1.3 or 1.5 atm abs; then 25 more with added blinding (faster compression with 1.1 atm abs was distinguishable; 1.3 and 1.5 atm abs were not different from each other. A compression to

Lun 2026

Lun CY, Au Yeung KL, Lau YF, Yan WW, Tang KB. Treatment success in relation to timing of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Diving Hyperb Med 2026;56(1):41-47.

Ma 2013

Ma L, Li P, Shi Z, Hou T, Chen X, Du J. A prospective, randomized, controlled study of hyperbaric oxygen therapy: effects on healing and oxidative stress of ulcer tissue in patients with a diabetic foot ulcer. Ostomy Wound Manage 2013;59(3):18–24.

Design: prospective randomised controlled pilot, n=36 (18 HBO + standard care vs 18 standard care only), DFU Wagner ≤III, TcPO₂ 30 mmHg at dorsum (severe arteriopathy excluded); HBO 2.5 ATA, 90 min twice daily, 5 d/wk × 2 weeks (20 sessions). No sham (control = standard care only). Healing (surrogate): day-14 ulcer-area reduction 42.4% ± 20.0% (HBO) vs 18.1% ± 6.5% (control), P<0.05; no ulcer fully healed in either arm within…

MacDonald 2006

MacDonald RD, O'Donnell C, Allan GM, Breeck K, Chow Y, DeMajo W, Peerbaye Y, Sawadsky B, Wax R. Interfacility transport of patients with decompression illness: literature review and consensus statement. Prehosp Emerg Care 2006;10(4):482-487.

Macdonald 2007

Macdonald HM. Hyperbaric oxygenation in the patient with malignancy: friend or foe? Diving Hyperb Med 2007;37(3):133-138.

Magri Gatt 2023

Magri Gatt P, Diacono E, Matity L, Magri K. Atypical distally distributed cutis marmorata decompression sickness associated with unconventional use of thermal protection in a diver with persistent foramen ovale. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2023;53(3):285-289 (DOI 10.28920/dhm53.3.285-289).

Mahon 2021

Cronin WA, Khan K, Hall AA, Bodo M, Mahon RT. The effect of the perfluorocarbon emulsion Oxycyte in an ovine model of severe decompression illness. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(1):25-31.

Maier 2020

Maier S, Eckmann C. [Fournier's gangrene as special form of necrotizing fasciitis]. Chirurg 2020;91(4):307-312 (German. PMID 31965200. DOI 10.1007/s00104-019-01095-5).

Maken 2020

Maken K, Bland DK. Hyperbaric oxygen for refractory hemorrhagic cystitis after stem cell transplantation: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):125-129.

Manheim 2025

Manheim M, Mogilevsky L, Geva A, Zehavi G, Knoll O, Gur I. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy initiation latency on auditory outcomes following acute acoustic trauma. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(2):126-135 (PMID 40544140. DOI 10.28920/dhm55.2.126-135).

Marchioni 2022

Marchioni M, De Francesco P, Campi R, Carbonara U, Ferro M, Schips L, et al. Current management of radiation cystitis after pelvic radiotherapy: a systematic review. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2022;74(3):281–291.

Systematic review of radiation-cystitis treatments (HBO, formalin, aluminium, oral agents, laser, cystectomy). HBO complete-response ~52–87% across series — among the most effective non-invasive modalities. Radiation cystitis is under-reported; a stepwise approach with escalating aggressiveness is recommended, and ~10% ultimately need salvage cystectomy.

Marcinkowska 2022

Marcinkowska AB, Mankowska ND, Kot J, Winklewski PJ. Impact of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Functions: a Systematic Review. Neuropsychology Review 2022;32(1):99–126.

Controversial / mixed results on HBOT efficacy for cognitive disturbance across conditions (CO poisoning, Marked heterogeneity of conditions, protocols and neuropsychological instruments; authors call for

Margolis 2013

Margolis DJ, Gupta J, Hoffstad O, Papadopoulos M, Glick HA, Thom SR, Mitra N. Lack of Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer and the Prevention of Amputation. Diabetes Care 2013;36(7):1961–1966.

Patients receiving HBO were less likely to heal (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.63–0.73) and more likely to be After propensity-score and instrumental-variable analyses to address that selection, HBO neither

Markovitz 2022

Markovitz GH. Two cases of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cystitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(2):191-195.

Marx 1983

Marx RE. Osteoradionecrosis: a new concept of its pathophysiology. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1983;41(5):283-8.

A consecutive case series with pathology, from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, San Antonio, Texas. - 26 consecutive cases of osteoradionecrosis of the mandible. - Case-selection criterion, stated: an area greater than 1 cm of exposed bone in a field of irradiation that had failed to show any evidence of healing for at least six months. - Case his

Marx 1983

Marx RE. A new concept in the treatment of osteoradionecrosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1983;41(6):351-7.

A single-arm consecutive case series from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, Texas — the same department as the pathophysiology paper. The author is identified as Lieutenant Colonel, USAF, DC; Assistant Chairman of the department and Director of Dental Research. - 58 patients referred to Wilford Hall with a diagnosis of "ref

Marx 1985

Marx RE, Johnson RP, Kline SN. Prevention of osteoradionecrosis: a randomized prospective clinical trial of hyperbaric oxygen versus penicillin. J Am Dent Assoc 1985;111(1):49–54.

74 patients (37 per arm) requiring tooth extraction in mandible irradiated to ≥6,000 rad. ORN incidence: 2/37 = 5.4% (HBO) vs 11/37 = 29.9% (penicillin), P=0.005. Protocol (confirmed from full text): 100% O₂ at 2.4 ATA for 90 min, once daily 5–6 days/week —

Marx 1990

Marx RE, Ehler WJ, Tayapongsak P, Pierce LW. Relationship of oxygen dose to angiogenesis induction in irradiated tissue. Am J Surg 1990;160(5):519-24.

A three-arm controlled laboratory experiment from the Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Miami School of Medicine / Jackson Memorial Medical Center, with the Hyperbaric Medicine Division, Clinical Investigative Directorate, Wilford Hall U.S.A.F. Medical Center. The stated purpose: to quantitate the angiogenesis induced in irradiated tissue by hyperbaric oxygen at 2.4 ATA for

Mason 2023

Mason JS, Buzzacott P, Gawthrope IC, Banham ND. A retrospective review of divers treated for inner ear decompression sickness at Fiona Stanley Hospital hyperbaric medicine unit 2014-2020. Diving Hyperb Med 2023;53(3):243-250 (DOI 10.28920/dhm53.3.243-250).

Masters 2025

Masters T, Samson M, Tucci J, Lacey AM, Rogers C, Coward A, Punjab GV, Nygaard RM. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for severe frostbite injury: insights from a retrospective cohort at a high volume burn center. Undersea Hyperb Med 2025;52(2):149-156.

Mathieu 2008

Mathieu D. Contraindications to hyperbaric oxygen therapy. In: Physiology and Medicine of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Elsevier/Saunders. Chapter 26 2008:587-598.

Mathieu 2016

Mathieu D, Marroni A, Kot J. Tenth European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine: recommendations for accepted and non-accepted clinical indications and practice of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Diving Hyperb Med 2016;46(2):122–123.

No Type 1A indications were identified — the authors note that much clinical research is still Table 1 is the same accepted / "not-indicated" list that appears, expanded with an agreement-level

Mathieu 2017

Mathieu D, Marroni A, Kot J. Tenth European Consensus Conference on Hyperbaric Medicine: recommendations for accepted and non-accepted clinical indications and practice of hyperbaric oxygen treatment. Diving Hyperb Med 2017;47(1):24–32.

The ECHM (European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine) consensus on accepted/non-accepted HBOT indications, from the 10th European Consensus Conference (April 2016). Uses a modified GRADE system for evidence + DELPHI for consensus. The European counterpart to the UHMS Indications Manual. Authority tier — international society guidance (tier 4). Like UHMS, ECHM does not override SAUHMA 2023 (tier 2)

Matić 2019

Matić P, Radak Đ, et al. Results of simultaneous application of hyperbaric oxygen and negative pressure wound therapy in diabetic foot ulcers treatment. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2019;39.

60 patients (56.7% men, mean age 60.6y); ulcers ischaemic 45%, neuropathic 30%, combined 25%. Only 3 minor amputations (5%) over the study. Authors conclude simultaneous HBO+NPWT gives the best healing

Matity 2023

Matity L, Burman F, Kot J, Caruana J. Effectiveness of hyperbaric chamber ventilation. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2023;53(2):85-91 (DOI 10.28920/dhm53.2.85-91).

Mátity 2024

Mátity L, Burman F, Cronje F. Optimizing the hyperbaric chamber pressurization profile during standard hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(4):377-385 (DOI 10.22462/715).

Mazokopakis 2011

Mazokopakis EE, Kofteridis DP, Pateromihelaki AT, Vytiniotis SD, Karastergiou PG. Improvement of ulcerative pyoderma gangrenosum with hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Dermatol Ther 2011;24(1):134-136.

McCabe 2004

McCabe JB, McGinn Merritt W, Olsson D, Wright V, Camporesi EM. Emphysematous cystitis: rapid resolution of symptoms with hyperbaric treatment: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2004;31(3).

McGlynn 2023

McGlynn J, Heyboer M. Successful treatment of radiation-induced vaginal soft tissue radionecrosis with HBO2. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(1).

McLoughlin 1999

McLoughlin PL, Cope TM, Harrison JC. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the management of severe acute anaemia in a Jehovah's witness. Anaesthesia 1999;54(9):891–895.

HBO prescription, stated exactly: pulsed hyperbaric oxygen, 90 min at 2 ATA with a Within-patient haemodynamic change (Table 1). Adrenaline requirement fell from 6 to 3 Acid-base: base excess improved from −5.6 to −0.8 mmol.l⁻¹ during the first treatment, from a

Meier 2021

Meier EL, Hummelink S, Lansdorp N, Boonstra O, Ulrich DJO. Perioperative hyperbaric oxygen treatment and postoperative complications following secondary breast reconstruction after radiotherapy: a case-control study of 45 patients. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(3):288-294.

Meier 2023

Meier EL, Mink van der Molen DR, Lansdorp CA, Batenburg MCT, van der Leij F, Verkooijen HM, Boonstra O, Hummelink S, Ulrich DJO. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for local late radiation toxicity in breast cancer patients: A systematic review. The Breast 2023;67:46–54.

Pain significantly reduced in 4/5 studies measuring it. Breast/arm lymphoedema reduced in 4/7 studies; fibrosis in some; skin problems and Conclusion: HBOT might be useful for reducing LRT symptoms in breast-cancer patients, but the

Meijering 2025

Meijering JR, Risvanoglu N, Nederhoed JH, Hoencamp R, van Hulst RA, Ubbink DT (Amsterdam UMC). Shared decision-making when considering hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a systematic review. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(2):180–185.

A systematic review of shared decision-making in the context of HBOT — patient engagement, satisfaction and adherence when weighing a demanding multi-session therapy. A methods/decision-science synthesis, not a therapy efficacy review.

Melessen 2024

Melessen A, Wingelaar TT, van Ooij PJAM. Clinical utility of dipstick urinalysis in assessing fitness to dive in military divers, submariners, and hyperbaric personnel. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(2):105-109.

Meliante 2025

Meliante PG, D'Avino L, Barba G, Covelli E, Petrella C, Barbato C, Minni A. Salvage treatment strategies for refractory sudden sensorineural hearing loss—a comprehensive review and meta-analysis with practical recommendations. Front Neurol 2025;16:1627892.

HBO was effective as salvage, particularly at low frequencies. Combined ITS + HBO gave the best results in word recognition and pure-tone average, though not always ITS effective (methylprednisolone dexamethasone); early initiation improved outcomes.

Mendes 2018

Mendes AF Jr, da Mota Neto J, Heringer EM, de Simoni LF, Pires DD, Labronici PJ. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as treatment for bilateral arm compartment syndrome after CrossFit: case report and literature review. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(2):209-215.

Meng 2017

Meng F-C, Shen C-H, Chu C-M, Shih C-P, Lin H-C, Peng C-K, Chang SC, Huang K-L. Dried salted plum consumption ameliorates hyperbaric oxygen therapy-induced otalgia severity at the first chamber session: a prospective randomized controlled study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(6) (PMID 29281192; DOI 10.22462/11.12.2017.6).

MEB incidence (Teed grade 1–4): NOT reduced — overall ~39.6% (21/53); severe MEB (Teed 3–4) 18.9% Otalgia severity reduced: VAS ≥4 otalgia in 5.7% (3/53) plum vs 10.8% (4/37) control (P=0.026).

Miarczynski 2026

Miarczyński J, Górski S, Okupniarek J, Bartosik M, Jętasiewicz I, Oborski M, Oborski K, Barczyńska K. Pathophysiology of decompression sickness: current insights and emerging models. Quality in Sport 2026;49:67991.

Millar 2022 (HOLLT)

Millar IL, Lind FG, Jansson KÅ, Hájek M, Smart DR, Fernandes TD, et al. Hyperbaric Oxygen for Lower Limb Trauma (HOLLT): an international multi-centre randomised clinical trial. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(3):164–174.

Primary composite (necrosis/infection ≤14 d): 25/58 (43%) HBOT vs 34/59 (58%) — OR 0.55 (95% CI Tissue necrosis: 29% vs 53% — OR 0.35 (95% CI 0.16–0.78; P=0.01) (significant). Fewer late complications: 6/53 vs 18/52 — OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.08–0.64; P=0.007), including delayed

HONEY (Mink van der Molen 2024)

Mink van der Molen DR, Batenburg MCT, Maarse W, van den Bongard DHJG, Doeksen A, de Lange MY, van der Pol CC, Evers DJ, Lansdorp CA, van der Laan J, van de Ven PM, van der Leij F, Verkooijen HM. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Late Local Toxic Effects in Patients With Irradiated Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2024;10(4):464–474.

Primary endpoint (pain) — NEGATIVE in ITT: moderate/severe pain at follow-up 50% (58/115) HBOT vs Fibrosis — POSITIVE in ITT: 33% vs 51%; OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.15–0.81), p=.02. No significant Completers (CACE): among the ~25% who actually completed HBOT, pain reduced (adjusted OR 0.34, 95%

Mitchell 2018

Mitchell SJ, Bennett MH, Bryson P, Butler FK, Doolette DJ, Holm JR, Kot J, Lafère P. Consensus guideline: Pre-hospital management of decompression illness: expert review of key principles and controversies. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(3):273-286.

Mitchell 2024

Mitchell SJ. Decompression illness: a comprehensive overview. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(1 Suppl):1-53.

Mladenov 2022

Mladenov A, Diehl K, Muller O, von Heymann C, Kopp S, Peitsch WK. Outcome of necrotizing fasciitis and Fournier's gangrene with and without hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a retrospective analysis over 10 years. World J Emerg Surg 2022;17(1):43 (PMID 35932075. DOI 10.1186/s13017-022-00448-6).

Moen & Stuhr 2012

Moen I, Stuhr LEB. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and cancer — a review. Target Oncol 2012;7(4):233-242.

Moghamis 2021

Moghamis I, Alhammoud AA, Kokash O, Alhaneedi GA. The outcome of hyperbaric oxygen therapy versus core decompression in the non-traumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head: retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2021;62:450-454.

Mohd Yazid 2017

Mohd Yazid B, et al. The Physiological, Biochemical and Quality of Life Changes in Chronic Diabetic Foot Ulcer after Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. Medicine & Health Medicine & Health (Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia) 2017;12(2):210–219.

Complete ulcer healing at 6 months: 86.7% (26/30) HBOT vs 60% (18/30) control. Significant reduction in WCC and CRP across treatment in the HBOT group (p=0.046 and p=0.039). Significantly better mental and physical QoL (SF-36) in the HBOT group.

Molina-Vega 2026

Molina-Vega J, Pferdehirt RE, Vardanian AJ. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Burn Care: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence. J Burn Care Res 2026;47(3):917–922.

Evidence inconsistent, no clear consensus on efficacy; protocols and outcome measures heterogeneous.

Monis 2020

Monis PL, Bhat V, Shetty S, Salins PC. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Management of Zygomatic Bone Osteomyelitis. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 2020;20(3):414–417.

Facial swelling and pus discharge reduced with blood sugar control, before the HBO course is After 15 dives there was no more pus discharge from the left infraorbital fistula, though the After a total of 30 dives, repeat CT showed partial reconstitution of cortical bone with no

Montrief 2019

Montrief T, Long B, Koyfman A, Auerbach J. Fournier gangrene: a review for emergency clinicians. J Emerg Med 2019;57(4):488-500 (PMID 31472943. DOI 10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.06.023).

Moon, McGraw & Blakey 2005

Moon RE, McGraw TA, Blakey G 3rd. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation necrosis of the jaw: comments on a randomized study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2005;32(3):145-147.

Moon 2014

Moon RE. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for decompression sickness. Undersea Hyperb Med 2014;41(2):151-157.

Moon 2014

Moon KC, Han SK, Lee YN, Jeong SH, Dhong ES, Kim WK. Effect of normobaric hyperoxic therapy on tissue oxygenation in diabetic feet: a pilot study. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2014;67(11):1580-1586.

Moon 2019

Moon RE, Mitchell S. Hyperbaric treatment for decompression sickness: current recommendations. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(5):685-693.

Moreira da Cruz 2021

Moreira da Cruz DL, Oliveira-Pinto J, Mansilha A. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Int Angiol 2021;41(1):63–73.

Major amputation: OR 0.53 (95% CI 0.32–0.90) favouring HBOT (I²=31%). Minor amputation: no difference (OR 0.89, I²=69%). Complete healing: OR 4.00 (95% CI 1.54–10.44) favouring HBOT (I²=70%).

Möring 2025

Möring MM, Valkenburg AC, Schuur-van't Hof N, van Beekhuizen HJ, Lansdorp CA. Reduced symptoms of late radiation tissue injury of the vagina after treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: A retrospective analysis of 19 patients. Gynecol Oncol 2025;197:27–33.

19 patients (median age 42), average 40 sessions (80 min of 100% O₂ at 2.5 ATA). 15/19 (79%) responders at end of treatment (median 3 symptoms improving). Most responsive symptoms: Improvement maintained at 3 months in 14/15 responders. No major adverse events.

Morningstar 2026 (mild HBOT is not HBOT)

Morningstar M, Strauchman M. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and mild hyperbaric oxygen therapy are not synonymous: a narrative review. Med Sci (Basel) 2026;14(3):360 (DOI 10.3390/medsci14030360).

Mozdzanowski 2014

Mozdzanowski C, Perdrizet GA. Peripheral neuropathy may increase the risk for asymptomatic otic barotrauma during hyperbaric oxygen therapy: research report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2014;41(4):267-272.

Murad 2014

Murad MH, Altayar O, Bennett M, Wei JC, Claus PL, Asi N, Prokop LJ, Montori VM, Guyatt GH. Using GRADE for evaluating the quality of evidence in hyperbaric oxygen therapy clarifies evidence limitations. J Clin Epidemiol 2014;67(1):65–72.

Murao 2023

Murao N, Oyama A, Yamamoto Y, Funayama E, Ishikawa K, Maeda T. Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen after microtia reconstruction using costal cartilage: A retrospective case-control study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(4):413-419 (DOI 10.22462/01.01.2023.45).

Mutluoglu 2016

Mutluoglu M, Uzun G, Bennett M, Germonpré P, Smart D, Mathieu D. Poorly designed research does not help clarify the role of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of chronic diabetic foot ulcers. Diving Hyperb Med 2016;46(3):133-134.

Mutzbauer 2000

Mutzbauer TS, Mueller PHJ, Tetzlaff K, Neubauer B, Sigg O. Is Eustachian tube ventilatory function (ETVF) impairment after oxygen diving mediated by free radicals? Undersea Hyperb Med 2000;27(suppl):16 — UHMS ASM abstract.

ME impedance decreased overnight after the first dive (p=0.015) but not after the second (p=0.475), in No difference between vitamin and placebo groups after the first dive (p=0.827); if anything the vitamin

Myking 1974

Myking O, Schreiner A. Hyperbaric oxygen in hemolytic crisis. JAMA 1974;227(10):1161-2.

Single case report from the University of Bergen, Norway. A 55-year-old woman in previously good health developed acute autoimmune haemolytic anaemia with warm antibodies of unknown cause. The haemoglobin fell to approximately 3 gm/100 ml with signs of cerebral hypoxia, and despite numerous attempts, compatible blood could not be obtained. She was transferred to the Royal Norwegian Naval Base in B

Nabil & Samman 2011

Nabil S, Samman N (University of Hong Kong). Incidence and prevention of osteoradionecrosis after dental extraction in irradiated patients: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;40(3):229–243.

Systematic review of ORN after post-radiation dental extraction. ORN incidence ~4% with hyperbaric-oxygen cover vs ~6% with antibiotics. Authors conclude HBO is effective in reducing the risk of ORN after post-radiation extractions.

Nah 2021

Nah S, Choi S, Na H, Han S. Neurological symptoms improved by hyperbaric oxygen therapy in a post-cardiac arrest patient due to carbon monoxide poisoning: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(2).

Naiboğlu 2012

Naiboğlu B, Külekçi S, Toros SZ, Verim A, Ertugay ÇK, Oysu C (Istanbul, Turkey). Efficacy of Multimodality Approach at Sudden Hearing Loss. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012;147(2 Suppl):P85–P86 — AAO-HNSF annual meeting oral-presentation abstract.

Post-treatment hearing improvement was statistically significant in BOTH groups (PTA, Siegel's criteria, Success 55% (group I) vs 63% (group II) — the increase with added IT steroid was not statistically

Nakada 2012

Nakada T, Nakada H, Yoshida Y, Nakashima Y, Banya Y, Fujihira T, Karasawa K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation cystitis in patients with prostate cancer: a long-term follow-up study. Urol Int 2012;89(2):208-214 (PMID 22797611. DOI 10.1159/000338910).

Narozny 2004

Narozny W, Sicko Z, Przewozny T, Stankiewicz C, Kot J, Kuczkowski J. Usefulness of high doses of glucocorticoids and hyperbaric oxygen therapy in sudden sensorineural hearing loss treatment. Otol Neurotol 2004;25(6):916-923.

Nasole 2019

Nasole E, Zanon V, Marcolin P, Bosco G. Middle ear barotrauma during hyperbaric oxygen therapy; a review of occurrences in 5,962 patients. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(2):101-106.

Navarro 2012

Navarro P, Bornstein S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for difficult wound healing in Newfoundland & Labrador. Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research (NLCAHR) 2012 (Contextualized Health Research Synthesis Program report).

Neheman 2005

Neheman A, Nativ O, Moskovitz B, Melamed Y, Stein A. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation-induced haemorrhagic cystitis. BJU Int 2005;96(1):107-109.

Neiberger 2023

Neiberger RJ, Waters ET. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for paracentral acute middle maculopathy: a case study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(3):283-287 (DOI 10.22462/01.01.2023.9).

Neubauer 2001

Neubauer B, Tetzlaff K, Staschen CM, Bettinghausen E. Cardiac output changes during hyperbaric hyperoxia. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2001;74(2):119–122.

Newth 2025

Newth A, Perleth M, Sherlock S, Romero L, Bennett MH. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss; a systematic review with meta-analysis. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):398–406.

Chance of improvement (HBO + steroids vs steroids): RR 1.6 (95% CI 1.3–2.0) (5 studies). Mean audiometric gain: +15.6 dB (95% CI 1.5–29.8) (4 trials). GRADE: moderate evidence that HBO improves hearing when applied up to 30 days after onset; pooling

Ng 2017

Ng AWA, Muller R, Orton J. Incidence of middle ear barotrauma in staged versus linear chamber compression during hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a double blinded, randomized controlled trial. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(2):101–107.

MEB incidence: staged 48% vs linear 62% (P=0.12) — not a statistically significant reduction. The staged protocol produced significantly less severe MEB deteriorations (severity, not incidence,

Nguyen 2025

Nguyen NB, Nguyen Van T, Nguyen Thi Hai H, Nguyen Truong S. Results of treating patients with diabetic foot ulcers with hyperbaric oxygen. Int Marit Health 2025;76(4):259–267.

Granulation growth and infection control better with HBO (p<0.001); ulcer depth and diameter Amputation rate 4.6% (HBO) vs 11.7% (reference); treatment time 10.1 ± 4.6 vs 15.1 ± 7.8 days. The authors also report a significant odds ratio favouring HBO for complete healing (OR 0.29, 95% CI

Niezgoda 1997

Niezgoda JA, Cianci P, Folden BW, Ortega RL, Slade JB, Storrow AB. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on a burn wound model in human volunteers. Plast Reconstr Surg 1997;99(6):1620–1625.

On day 2, wound size, hyperaemia and exudation differed significantly (p<0.05). The HBO group showed a No significant difference in epithelialization.

Nik 2019

Nik Ab Rahman NH, Wan Mohammad WMZ, Bajuri MY, Shafee R. Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in chronic diabetic wound - A randomised trial. Med J Malaysia 2019;74(5):418–424.

Wound-size trajectory over the four time points was significantly better with HBOT (repeated-measures On logistic regression, the HBOT group had ~44× higher odds of achieving ≥30% wound-size reduction

Nikolić 2026

Nikolić D, Pasternak J, Manojlović V, Budinski S, Nikolić M, Batinić N. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Chronic Venous Leg Ulcers: A Prospective Randomised Controlled Trial. Int Wound J 2026;23(3):e70856.

Area reduction: 62.1% ± 22.1% (HBO) vs 41.7% ± 21.5% (control); MD 20.4% (95% CI 10.1–30.7), Complete healing at 90 days: 62.5% vs 30.0% (NNT 3). TcPO₂ rose 26.1 → 150.3 mmHg in the HBO group (p<0.001); pain improved significantly more.

Nöhl 2025

Nöhl S, Burisch C, Gödde D, Sellmann T. 'Power under pressure' - defibrillation during hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a scoping review. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):407-418 (PMID 41364865. DOI 10.28920/dhm55.4.407-418).

Oh 2019

Oh SH, Kang HD, Jung SK, Choi S. Successful treatment of decompression sickness complicated with acute hepatic infarction and acute kidney injury: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(1):81-85.

Oley 2021

Oley MH, Oley MC, Noersasongko AD, Hatta M, Philips GG, Agustine, Faruk M, Kalangi JA. (verify). Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on vascular endothelial growth factor protein and mRNA in crush injury patients: A randomized controlled trial study. Int J Surg Open 2021;29:33–39.

Serum VEGF increased significantly in the HBO group vs control (p<0.05). The rise in VEGF is expected to translate into faster wound healing and a lower amputation rate — an

Oley 2024

Oley MH, Oley MC, Kepel BJ, Faruk M, Wagiu AMJ, Sukarno I, Tulong MT, Sukarno V. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcers Based on Wagner Grading: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open 2024;12(3):e5692.

Wound healing (≥8 weeks after final treatment): RR 2.39 (95% CI 1.87–3.05; P<0.00001) favouring HBOT. Minor / distal amputation: RR 0.58 (95% CI 0.43–0.80; P<0.007). Major / proximal amputation: RR 0.31 (95% CI 0.18–0.52; P<0.00001).

Oley 2025

Oley MH, Oley MC, Kepel BJ, Prasetyo E, Kalitouw F, Kalesaran L, Aling DMR, Tulong MT, Islam AA, et al. A descriptive retrospective study on the various uses of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Int Marit Health 2025;76(4):254-258 (DOI 10.5603/imh.103441).

Oley 2025

Oley MH, Oley MC, Iskandar AAA, Sukasah CL, Aulia I, Langi FLFG, Lampus HF, Sukarno I, Sukarno V, Faruk M. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on hypospadias reconstruction: a preliminary randomized controlled trial study of VEGF levels and HOPE score analysis. Arch Ital Urol Androl 2025;97(1):13342.

VEGF rose with successive HBO sessions — significant at 3 (p=0.038), 4 (p=0.002) and 5 (p=0.008) sessions. Total HOPE score improved (p=0.028) and penile-torsion sub-score (p=0.006) in the HBO group. Conclusion: HBO accelerates wound healing after urethroplasty; ≥3 sessions recommended.

O'Neill 2015

O'Neill OJ, Weitzner ED. The O'Neill grading system for evaluation of the tympanic membrane: a practical approach for clinical hyperbaric patients. Undersea Hyperb Med 2015;42(3):265-271.

O'Neill 2021

O'Neill OJ, Dayya D, Varughese L, Marker JA, Perez L, Dayya M. The effect of total compression time and rate (slope) of compression on the incidence of symptomatic Eustachian tube dysfunction and middle ear barotrauma: a Phase II prospective study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(3) (Phase II prospective study; ~42 patients — n to confirm).

A statistically significant decrease in symptomatic ETD and MEB was achieved by optimising the rate of

Ontario HTA 2005

Medical Advisory Secretariat (Ontario). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for non-healing ulcers in diabetes mellitus: an evidence-based analysis. Ont Health Technol Assess Ser 2005;5(11):1–28.

Citing the Cochrane analysis (3 studies, 118 patients): HBOT may prevent major amputation — RR 0.31 Evidence graded low quality (small trials, varying wound severity, HBOT regimens and endpoints);

O'Reilly 2013

O'Reilly D, Pasricha A, Campbell K, Burke N, Assasi N, Bowen JM, Tarride JE, Goeree R. HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY FOR DIABETIC ULCERS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2013;29(3):269–281.

12 publications (6 RCTs + 6 comparative observational). Major amputation reduced 60% (RCTs, p=0.29 — NS) and 61% (observational, p=0.003) vs standard care. Unhealed-wound relative risk 0.54 (RCTs, p=0.10 — NS) and 0.24 (observational, p<0.001).

Orwig 2025

Orwig DM, Wang J, Li Z, McGlynn JJ, HajAissa N, Davis A, Hovingh M, Packard L, Kooistra JS, Min J. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion (HBOT-CRAO). Am J Emerg Med 2025;98:1–5 (Epub 5 Aug 2025).

65 patients: full-course HBOT 17 (twice daily × 5 days = 10 treatments), partial 16, none 32. No Full-course HBOT: significant BCVA improvement at discharge (p = 0.01); no benefit with partial or no Conclusion: HBOT may be considered for CRAO presenting within 24 h, with the full course important.

Oscarsson 2019

Oscarsson N, Müller B, Rosén A, Lodding P, Mölne J, Giglio D, et al. Radiation-induced cystitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (RICH-ART): a randomised, controlled, phase 2-3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2019;20(11):1602–1614.

Difference in change of mean EPIC urinary total score: +10.1 points favouring HBOT Adverse events: transient grade 1–2 (sight/hearing) in 41%.

Oscarsson 2025

Oscarsson N, Rosén A, Müller B, Renström Koskela L, Giglio D, Kjellberg A, Ettala O, Seeman-Lodding H. Radiation-induced cystitis treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (RICH-ART): long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled, phase 2–3 trial. EClinicalMedicine 2025;83:103214.

Mean EPIC urinary total score improved 18.0 points (95% CI 14.2–21.8) from baseline to 6 months Responders (n=48; 68.6%) — defined as ≥9-point improvement post-HBO₂ — maintained a mean increase 9/70 (12.8%) received additional HBO₂ for recurring symptoms over the 5 years.

Osman 2025

Gafar Abubakir Osman H, Elbadri ME, Alhadi IAH, Ibrahim AS, Ayyub A, Mohamed A, Sahnon ASA, Alkhazendar JHJ, Alkhazendar AH, Awan M. Crush syndrome and systemic necrosis in trauma patients: a systematic review of pathophysiology, anatomical impact, and renal outcomes. Cureus 2025;17(8):e89592.

Osmani 2017

Osmani F, Thakkar S, Vigdorchik J. The Utility of Conservative Treatment Modalities in the Management of Osteonecrosis. Bull Hosp Jt Dis (2013) 2017;75(3):186–192.

The biophysical modalities (HBO, ESWT, PEMF) all produced delay and partial reversal of disease Stage-dependent: Ficat I–II (pre-collapse) can be approached conservatively (pharmacological +

Otón-Sánchez 2013

Otón Sánchez C, González Lugo Y, Otón Sánchez L, Díaz-Flores Varela L, Jiménez Calero J, Puerto Romero P. Treatment of radiation-induced cervical fibrosis with pentoxifylline-tocoferol and hyperbaric oxygen. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2013;18(Suppl):S111 — SEOR/ESTRO congress abstract.

37 randomised, 26 completed (13 per arm); well tolerated (2 stopped for drug intolerance). Patients improving fibrosis by ≥1 LENT-SOMA grade: Arm 1 (drugs only): 1/13 at 3 months, 4/13 at 6 months.

O'Toole 2002

O'Toole K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and chronic refractory osteomyelitis. Operative Techniques in Orthopaedics 2002;12(4):282–285.

Definition adopted (from Strauss): chronic osteomyelitis is bone infection which, when adequately treated, persists longer than six weeks; it becomes refractory when it does not respond to adequate therapeutic intervention including antibiotics and surgery. The Esterhai, Waldvogel and Cierny-Mader classification systems are named as aids to treatment choice.

OuYang 2024

OuYang H, Yang J, Wan H, Huang J, Yin Y. Effects of different treatment measures on the efficacy of diabetic foot ulcers: a network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024;15:1452192.

Versus SOC, HBOT — along with PRP, TOT, ADM and SCs — significantly increases the complete-healing HBOT is not the top-ranked modality: PRP (esp. PRP+NPWT) and combination regimens ranked highest No significant between-treatment differences for ulcer-area reduction.

Overgaard 2011

Overgaard J. Hypoxic modification of radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck – a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiother Oncol 2011;100(1):22-32.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of hypoxic modification added to curative-intent primary radiotherapy alone. - 32 randomised trials, 4,805 patients. - Inclusion criterion, stated: the treatment had to be curative intended primary radiotherapy alone, with randomisation to a hypoxic modifier known only to influence hypoxic radioresistance and having no other cytotoxic effe

Oyaizu 2017

Oyaizu T, Enomoto M, Tsujimoto T, Kojima Y, Okawa A, Yagishita K. Elimination of CT-detected gas bubbles derived from decompression illness with abdominal symptoms after a short hyperbaric oxygen treatment in a monoplace chamber: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(2):167-171.

Oyaizu 2018

Oyaizu T, Enomoto M, Yamamoto N, Tsuji K, Horie M, Muneta T, Sekiya I, Okawa A, Yagishita K. Hyperbaric oxygen reduces inflammation, oxygenates injured muscle, and regenerates skeletal muscle via macrophage and satellite cell activation. Sci Rep 2018;8(1):1288.

Oedema/injury: HBO reduced early hindlimb volume and muscle wet weight (µCT volume lower at 6 h, Dual immuno-regenerative action: HBO suppressed the acute-phase rise in circulating macrophages, Pathway: early stimulation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway in contused muscle.

Ozdemir 2016

Ozdemir A, Uzun G, Turker T, Ucar E, Yildiz S. Changes in pulmonary function in hyperbaric chamber inside attendants: a case-control study. Undersea Hyperb Med 2016;43(7):805-811.

Özdemir 2023

Özdemir Ü, Akin M, Sözen I, Erkent M, Tatar S, Yasti AÇ. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on clinical and economic outcomes in patients with deep second-degree burns. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(1):29-37 (DOI 10.22462/01.01.2023.18).

Ozgok-Kangal 2021

Ozgok-Kangal K. Long-term infant outcomes after hyperbaric oxygen treatment for acute carbon monoxide poisoning during pregnancy. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(3):248-255.

Ozgok Kangal 2024

Ozgok Kangal K, Mirasoglu B. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for infants: retrospective analysis of 54 patients treated in two tertiary care centres. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2024;54(1):9-15 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.1.9-15).

Ozturk 2022

Ozturk H, Mirasoglu B, Aktas S. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment for refractory haemorrhagic cystitis occurring after chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation: retrospective analysis of 25 patients. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(1):27-34.

Paderno 2021

Paderno E, Zanon V, Vezzani G, Giacon TA, Bernasek TL, Camporesi EM, Bosco G. Evidence-Supported HBO Therapy in Femoral Head Necrosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021;18(6):2888.

Overall clinical effect OR 3.84 (95% CI 2.10–7.02; P<0.00001) favouring HBO. Subgroup: Asian population OR 3.53 (95% CI 1.87–6.64; significant); non-Asian OR 7.41 (95% CI

Paganini 2022

Paganini M, Moon RE, Boccalon N, Melloni GEM, Giacon TA, Camporesi EM, Bosco G. Blood gas analyses in hyperbaric and underwater environments: a systematic review. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022;132(2):283–293.

A systematic review of studies measuring blood gases in hyperbaric and underwater environments — a physiology and measurement-methodology synthesis.

Pagoldh 2013

Pagoldh M, Hultgren E, Arnell P, Eriksson A. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy does not improve the effects of standardized treatment in a severe attack of ulcerative colitis: a prospective randomized study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48(9):1033–1040.

No statistically significant difference between the groups in any of the assessed variables — The UNSW appraisal notes the study was underpowered.

Pak 2021

Pak S, Valencia D, Lee C, Lach J, Ortiz G. Ingestion of food grade hydrogen peroxide with resultant gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: case report and review with emphasis on the therapeutic value of HBO2 in vascular gas embolism. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(2):177-186.

Pandey 2022

Pandey K, Teguh DN, van Hulst RA. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on skin elasticity in irradiated patients. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(3):208-212.

Payne 2013

Payne H, Adamson A, Bahl A, Borwell J, Dodds D, Heath C, Huddart R, McMenemin R, Patel P, Peters JL, Thompson A. Chemical‐ and radiation‐induced haemorrhagic cystitis: current treatments and challenges. BJU Int 2013;112(7):885–897.

Narrative/systematic overview of haemorrhagic-cystitis treatments (hydration, bladder irrigation, formalin, aluminium, hyperbaric oxygen, cystectomy). HBO presented as an effective option for RT-induced cystitis; hyperbaric protocols differ between reports and evidence is largely observational.

Pearl 2024

Pearl A, Pearl S. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for avascular necrosis of the femoral head: A case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(3):241-245 (DOI 10.22462/644).

Pekovic 2018

Pekovic S, Dacic S, Krstic D, Jeremic R, Djelic M, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in traumatic brain injury: cellular and molecular mechanisms. In: Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment in Research and Clinical Practice — Mechanisms of Action in Focus. IntechOpen 2018 (book chapter 3. DOI 10.5772/intechopen.75025).

Peng 2023

Peng X, Gao B, Wang X, Qin X, Peng M, Zeng X. Hyperbaric oxygen and treadmill exercise partially prevented bone loss and bone microarchitecture deterioration in ovariectomized rats. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2023;53(2):111-119 (DOI 10.28920/dhm53.2.111-119).

Perez 2017

Perez MFM, Ongkeko-Perez JV, Serrano AR, Andal MP, Aldover MCC. Delayed hyperbaric intervention in life-threatening decompression illness. Diving Hyperb Med 2017;47(4):257-259.

Perren 2018

Perren S, Gatt A, Papanas N, Formosa C (University of Malta). Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Ischaemic Foot Ulcers in Type 2 Diabetes: A Clinical Trial. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2018;12:80–85.

Both arms reduced ulcer area and depth (P<0.001). Group A (HBOT) showed superior improvement in both ulcer area (P<0.001) and depth (P<0.001)

Perrins 1967

Perrins DJ. Indexed as a Randomized Controlled Trial. Influence of hyperbaric oxygen on the survival of split skin grafts. Lancet 1967;1(7495):868–871.

Complete "take" (≥95% graft survival): 64% (≈15/24) HBO vs 17% (≈4/24) control — absolute increase ≥60% take: 100% (HBO) vs 62.5% (control) — no treated graft fell below 60% take; NNT ≈ 3. Mean % graft-area survival: intention-to-treat 84.2% vs 62.7% — difference 21.5%

Peterson 2024

Peterson DE, Koyfman SA, Yarom N, Lynggaard CD, Ismaila N, Forner LE, et al. (ISOO-MASCC-ASCO). Prevention and Management of Osteoradionecrosis in Patients With Head and Neck Cancer Treated With Radiation Therapy: ISOO-MASCC-ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol 2024;42(16):1975–1996.

A multi-society clinical practice guideline (International Society of Oral Oncology – Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer – American Society of Clinical Oncology) on prevention and management of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) in head-and-neck cancer treated with radiotherapy. The most authoritative recent guideline touching HBO for ORN — and it is cautious.

Phillips 2005

Phillips JC. Understanding hyperbaric oxygen therapy and its use in the treatment of compromised skin grafts and flaps. Plast Surg Nurs 2005;25(2):72-80.

Phillips & Jones 2013

No. CD004617. Phillips JS, Jones SEM. Current version pub3 (2013); supersedes pub2. Hyperbaric oxygen as an adjuvant treatment for malignant otitis externa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013, Issue 5, Art.

No randomised controlled trials identified. No data to show adjunctive HBO improves outcome over

Pilgramm 1985

Pilgramm M, Schumann K. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for acute acoustic trauma. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 1985;241(3):247–257.

HBO shortened the course of healing with respect to high-pitch (high-frequency) perception Timing-dependent: therapy started early gave better results; therapy started late (in some cases

Pilgramm 1985 (Hörsturz)

Pilgramm M, Lamm H, Schumann K. [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in sudden deafness]. Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg) 1985;64(7):351–354.

Standard therapy (n=19): start 45.7 → end 25.5 dB, gain 20.2 dB (44%), P<0.01. HBO + standard (n=18): start 47.2 → end 18.1 dB, gain 29.1 dB (61%), P<0.01. Between-group difference (this appraiser's calculation): ≈ 8.9 dB favouring HBO (95% CI ≈ 0.3–17.5) —

Pitkin 2000

Pitkin AD, on behalf of the RIBP Working Party. Double-blind randomised controlled trial of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy for treatment of radiation-induced brachial plexopathy (RIBP). Undersea Hyperb Med 2000;27(suppl):39 — UHMS ASM abstract.

No differences in mean warm sensory thresholds between groups — HBO did not reverse RIBP in the short Authors flagged that a possible effect on arm lymphoedema was being tested in a follow-up trial (→ that

Plenk 1972

Plenk HP. Hyperbaric Radiation Therapy — Preliminary Results of a Randomized Study of Cancer of the Urinary Bladder and Review of the 'Oxygen Experience.' Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med January 1972.

A significant improvement in survival was reported in the HBO (hypofractionated) arm vs conventional Author's review claim: oxygen benefit appears only when 4–12 fractions are used; SCC of cervix and In the cited cervix series using conventional fractionation, the HBO-vs-air difference was not

Polzik 2017

Polzik P, Johansson PI, Hyldegaard O. How biomarkers reflect the prognosis and treatment of necrotising soft tissue infections and the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy: the protocol of the prospective cohort PROTREAT study conducted at a tertiary hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. BMJ Open 2017;7(10):e017805.

Posluszny 2014

Posluszny JA Jr, Napolitano LM. How do we treat life-threatening anemia in a Jehovah's Witness patient? Transfusion 2014;54(12):3026–3034.

A narrative practice review in Transfusion's "HOW DO I…?" instructional series, setting out one American centre's protocol for severe anaemia in patients who decline transfusion, with an embedded uncontrolled case series of 6 patients treated under that protocol between 2012 and 2014. There is no search strategy, no database, no date range, no eligibility criteria, no screening or extraction proce

Pracyk 1995

Pracyk JB, Stolp BW, Fife CE, Gray L, Piantadosi CA. Brain computerized tomography after hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 1995;22(1):1-7.

Pritchard 2001

Pritchard J, Anand P, Broome J, Davis C, Gothard L, Hall E, Maher J, McKinna F, Millington J, Misra VP, Pitkin A, Yarnold JR (RAGE / Royal Marsden). Double-blind randomized phase II study of hyperbaric oxygen in patients with radiation-induced brachial plexopathy. Radiother Oncol 2001;58(3):279–286 (PII S0167-8140(00)00309-8; DOI to confirm).

Pre-treatment neurophysiological tests were grossly abnormal in the affected hand in both groups (as No adverse effects of HBO were reported. The authors noted warm-sensory-threshold improvements offered only "some suggestion" of activity in a

Prost 2022

Prost M, Eichhorn D, Strelow H, et al. Influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on causes for the development of carbon monoxide intoxications. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(4):479-483.

Qi 2020

Qi Y, Guo Z, Hu H, Meng X, Lv Y, Pan S, Guo D. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the brain after carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(4):607-619.

Qin 2017

Qin L, Chu M, Guo D, Wang L, Wang J, Ding X, Bi M, Zou Y. Efficacy of Combined XingZhi‐YiNao Granules and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Cognition and Motor Dysfunction in Patients with Delayed Encephalopathy after Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2017;2017:1323297.

Both active arms improved cognition/motor scores and P300 amplitude (P<0.05); the XZYN group was

Quah 2024

Quah B, Yong CW, Lai CWM, Islam I. Efficacy of adjunctive modalities during tooth extraction for the prevention of osteoradionecrosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Oral Dis 2024;30(6):3732–3744.

Pooled ORN prevalence: HBO 4.6%, PENTO 3.4%, ABX 3.8% — all significantly lower odds of ORN HBO vs control: OR 0.27 (reduced ORN). Conclusion: HBO, PENTO and ABX may reduce ORN incidence vs no intervention, but their incidences

Raizandha 2022

Raizandha MA, Hidayatullah F, Kloping YP, Rahman IA, Djatisoesanto W, Rizaldi F. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in Fournier’s Gangrene: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int Braz J Urol 2022;48(5):771–781.

10 studies (qualitative + quantitative synthesis). Mortality significantly lower with HBO: OR 0.29 (95% CI 0.12–0.69; p=0.005). No significant difference in mean length of stay (MD −0.18; 95% CI −7.68 to 7.33; p=0.96) or number of debridement procedures (MD 1.33; 95% CI −0.58 to 3.23; p=0.17).

Rajpal 2019

Rajpal N, Walters ET, Elmarsafi T, Pittman TA, Johnson-Arbor KK. Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for tissue ischemia after breast reconstruction. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(4):461-465.

Raleigh

Raleigh G, Rivard R, Fabus S. Air-activated chemical warming devices: effects of oxygen and pressure. Undersea Hyperb Med 2005;32(6):445-449.

Raphael 1989

Raphael JC, Elkharrat D, Jars-Guincestre MC, Chastang C, Chasles V, Vercken JB, Gajdos P. Trial of normobaric and hyperbaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide intoxication. Lancet 1989;2(8660):414–419.

Group A (no LOC): recovery 66% (A0/NBO) vs 68% (A1/HBO) — no benefit from HBO, irrespective of Group B (LOC): recovery 54% (one HBO) vs 52% (two HBO) — a second HBO session gave no benefit in All 4 deaths (2 B1, 2 B2) and 7 patients left with neuropsychiatric sequelae (3 B1, 4 B2) had

Rasmussen 2015

Rasmussen VM, Borgen AE, Jansen EC, Rotbøll Nielsen PH, Werner MU. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy attenuates central sensitization induced by a thermal injury in humans. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2015.

Statistically significant overall attenuation of SHA during HBO vs control (P=0.011). Order/carryover effect: in the 8 volunteers starting with HBO, no difference vs control was seen — i.e.

Ravi 2017

Ravi P, Vaishnavi D, Gnanam A, Krishnakumar Raja VB. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the prevention and management of radiation-induced complications of the head and neck – a systematic review of literature. J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;118(6):359–362.

Evidence that HBO improves subjective xerostomia, swallowing, speech and overall quality of life after head/neck radiotherapy. No conclusive evidence that HBO improves dental-implant survival/osseointegration in irradiated bone; ORN and mucosal fibrosis are the underlying morbidities addressed.

Ray 2021

Ray K, Savaser D, Huang E. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy and fluorescence angiography in arterial insufficiency secondary to injection of crushed hydromorphone. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(3):277-283.

Reid 2017

Reid MP, Fock A, Doolette DJ. Decompressing recompression chamber attendants during Australian submarine rescue operations. Diving Hyperb Med 2017;47(3):168-172.

Reis 2003

Reis ND, Schwartz O, Militianu D, Ramon Y, Levin D, Norman D, Melamed Y, Shupak A, Goldsher D, Zinman C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a treatment for stage-I avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2003;85(3):371–375.

81% of HBO-treated hips returned to normal on MRI, vs 17% in the untreated comparison group. Benefit confined to pre-collapse (stage-I) disease; in the untreated group most lesions of this

Rhee 2018

Rhee TM, Hwang D, Lee JS, Park J, Lee JM. Addition of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy vs Medical Therapy Alone for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018;144(12):1153–1161.

Complete hearing recovery: OR 1.61 (95% CI 1.05–2.44); any hearing recovery: OR 1.43 (1.20–1.67); Dose/selection signal: benefit greater with severe-to-profound baseline loss, HBO as salvage,

Ring 2024

Ring S, Pansuriya T, Rashid H, et al. Coronary Air Embolism Secondary to Percutaneous Lung Biopsy: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024;16(2):e55234.

Characterises presentation, risk factors and management of iatrogenic coronary/arterial air embolism; Case-report-based literature — documents an uncommon procedural cause of AGE.

Risberg 2004

Risberg J, Englund M, Aanderud L, Eftedal O, Flook V, Thorsen E. Venous gas embolism in chamber attendants after hyperbaric exposure. Undersea Hyperb Med 2004;31(4):417-429.

Robins 2019

Robins MS. Early treatment of frostbite with hyperbaric oxygen and pentoxifylline: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(4):521-526.

Roeckl-Wiedmann 2005

Roeckl-Wiedmann I, Bennett M, Kranke P. Systematic review of hyperbaric oxygen in the management of chronic wounds. Br J Surg 2005;92(1):24–32.

Pooled diabetic-ulcer data (5 trials, 118 patients): major amputation RR 0.31 (95% CI 0.13–0.71), Ulcer healing and minor-amputation rate were not significantly influenced by HBOT. Venous: one trial showed significant wound-size reduction at the end of treatment (not at

Rosenzweig 2025

Rosenzweig SA, Thompson SR, Bennett MH. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for late onset dropped head syndrome following mantle field radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: a case report and literature review. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(3):275-279 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.3.275-279).

Rosignoli 2021

Rosignoli L, Chu ER, Carter JE, Johnson DA, Sohn JH, Bahadorani S. The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Patients with Central Retinal Artery Occlusion: A Retrospective Study, Systematic Review, and Meta-analysis. Korean J Ophthalmol 2021;36(2):108–113.

Meta-analysis: HBOT did NOT enhance final visual outcome (P=0.83). The authors' own retrospective cohort likewise showed no visual benefit in the HBOT group. Safety concerns noted: barotrauma and generalised seizures.

Ruiz-Mambrilla 2023

Ruiz-Mambrilla M, Duenas-Ruiz A, Perez-Castrillon JL, Usategui-Martin I, Duenas-Laita A. Speech therapy and hyperbaric oxygen for aphasia after carbon monoxide intoxication. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(1).

Rusyniak 2003

Rusyniak DE, Kirk MA, May JD, Kao LW, Brizendine EJ, Welch JL, Cordell WH, Alonso RJ. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Results of the Hyperbaric Oxygen in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (HOAIS) Pilot Study. Stroke 2003;34(2):571-574 (DOI 10.1161/01.STR.0000050644.48393.D0).

Sack 2024

Sack RA, Pikkel YY, Shemy OL, Ramon Y, Ullmann Y, Zeltzer AA. Transcutaneous oximetry values in chronic ulcer patients during Hyperbaric treatment at 1.4 ATA compared to 2 ATA. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(1):1-5 (DOI 10.22462/587).

Sadler 2019

Sadler C, Latham E, Hollidge M, Boni B, Brett K. Delayed hyperbaric oxygen therapy for severe arterial gas embolism following scuba diving: a case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(2):197-202.

Sai Krishna 2023

Sai Krishna MLV, Kar S, Kumar R, Singh H, Mittal R, Digge VK. The role of conservative management in the avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a review of systematic reviews. Indian J Orthop 2023;57(3):410-420.

Salama 2019

Salama SE, et al. Adjuvant Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Enhances Healing of Nonischemic Diabetic Foot Ulcers Compared With Standard Wound Care Alone. Int J Low Extrem Wounds 2019.

Complete closure at end of treatment: 33.3% (5/15) HBOT vs 0% (0/15) conventional, P=0.014 — Complication frequency not significantly different between groups.

Salameh 2021

Salameh M, Moghamis IS, Kokash O, Ahmed GO. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of Steinberg I and II avascular necrosis of the femoral head: a report of fifteen cases and literature review. Int Orthop 2021;45(10):2519-2523.

Sames 2019

Sames C, Gorman DF, Mitchell SJ, Zhou L. The impact of diving on hearing: a 10-25 year audit of New Zealand professional divers. Diving Hyperb Med 2019;49(1):2-8.

Sano 2012

Sano H, Ichioka S, Sekiya N. Influence of oxygen on wound healing dynamics: assessment in a novel wound mouse model under a variable oxygen environment. PLoS One 2012;7(11):e50212.

Santema 2015

Santema TB, Stoekenbroek RM, van Steekelenburg KC, van Hulst RA, Koelemay MJW, Ubbink DT. Economic outcomes in clinical studies assessing hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of acute and chronic wounds. Diving Hyperb Med 2015;45(4):228–234.

1 RCT + 3 cohort studies reported both clinical and economic outcomes; only the RCT was of good methodological quality; outcome measures were heterogeneous and the effect of HBO on costs was variable. Little direct evidence on the cost-effectiveness of HBO for acute or chronic wounds; the authors call for economic endpoints in future studies.

Santema 2018 (DAMOCLES)

Santema KTB, Stoekenbroek RM, Koelemay MJW, Reekers JA, van Dortmont LMC, Oomen A, Smeets L, Wever JJ, Legemate DA, Ubbink DT. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Ischemic Lower- Extremity Ulcers in Patients With Diabetes: Results of the DAMO2CLES Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care 2018;41(1):112–119.

Limb salvage: 47/60 (78%) SC vs 53/60 (88%) SC+HBOT — RD 0.10 (95% CI −0.04 to 0.23), not Complete wound healing at 12 months: 28 vs 30 index wounds — RD 0.03 (95% CI −0.14 to 0.21), not Amputation-free survival (ITT): 41 vs 49 — RD 0.13 (95% CI −0.02 to 0.28), not significant (a

SAUHMA HBO Committee 2023

SAUHMA HBO Committee — Cronje F, Meintjes J, Roberts C, Weir G, Rosenthal J. SAUHMA HBOT treatment protocols. Southern African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association 2023:36 pp.

Saunders 2003

Saunders PJ (University of Birmingham). HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING, OSTEORADIONECROSIS, BURNS, SKIN GRAFTS, AND CRUSH INJURY. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2003;19(3):521–525.

From 154 full-text articles, 13 relevant RCTs were identified; little consistency across protocols, groups, timing and outcomes; no convincing evidence of effectiveness for CO poisoning, ORN, burns, skin grafts or crush injury. HBO is clearly appropriate for decompression sickness and air/gas embolism; there is a physiological case for benefit in hypoxic conditions, and — given limited volume/quality of research — the author c…

Sause and Plenk 1979

Sause WT, Plenk HP. Radiation therapy of head and neck tumors: a randomized study of treatment in air vs. treatment in hyperbaric oxygen. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1979;5(10):1833-1836.

Savvidou 2018

Savvidou OD, Kaspiris A, Bolia IK, Chloros GD, Goumenos SD, Papagelopoulos PJ, Tsiodras S. Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for the Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Orthopedics 2018;41(4):193–199.

Adjuvant HBO judged effective in 16/20 (80%) cohort studies and 19/20 (95%) case studies. Overall 308/419 (73.5%) patients with complete data had a successful outcome with no reported

Sayin 2022

Sayin O, Altinkaynak H. The effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on retinal layers in healthy eyes. Undersea Hyperb Med 2022;49(4):485-494.

Scheinkestel 1999

Scheinkestel CD, Bailey M, Myles PS, Jones K, Cooper DJ, Millar IL, Tuxen DV. Hyperbaric or normobaric oxygen for acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a randomised controlled clinical trial. Med J Aust 1999;170(5):203–210.

No benefit from HBO; signal of harm. More HBO patients needed additional treatments (28% vs 15%, Worse learning-test scores at completion in the HBO group (P=0.01; severe P=0.005) and more Delayed neurological sequelae occurred only in HBO patients (P=0.03). No outcome measure was worse

Scher 1998

Scher RL. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for necrotizing cervical infections. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1998;54:50-58.

Schmale 2012

Schmale M, Fichtner A, Pohl C, John E, Bucher M. Hyperbare Oxygenation bei nekrotisierenden Weichteilinfektionen: Pro. Chirurg 2012;83(11):973–979 (PMID 23108429. DOI 10.1007/s00104-012-2283-0. Published in German with an English abstract.).

A commissioned position article from the anaesthesiology/intensive care and hyperbaric unit at Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), with the general/visceral/vascular surgery clinic. It is structured as mechanism, then clinical studies, then practical protocol, then a service and cost argument. There is no search strategy, no databases, no date limits, no eligibility criteria, no selection or extra

St. Pierre Schneider 2026

St. Pierre Schneider B, Zhang L, Dombrowsky T, Wilson JR. A scoping review and evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for skeletal muscle injury in preclinical models. Med Gas Res 2026;16(2):125–132 (Epub 2025 Aug 18).

HBO promoted and quickened muscle regeneration after myotoxic and crush injury, and counteracted Benefits may persist, and early initiation of HBO is important — but more sessions do not always Evidence gaps: limited inclusion of females; milder pressures under-tested (potentially fewer

Schneidewind 2021

Schneidewind L, Anheuser P, Schönburg S, Wagenlehner FME, Kranz J. Hyperbaric Oxygenation in the Treatment of Fournier’s Gangrene: A Systematic Review. Urol Int 2021;105(3–4):247–256.

13 studies, 376 patients (no RCTs; 5 retrospective case-control studies totalling 319 patients, 145 HBO-treated). HBO-group mortality ~16.6%. Study quality moderate to high, but design observational. Conclusion cautious: a definitive recommendation is limited by the rarity of Fournier's gangrene and the lack of randomised evidence.

Schoen 2007

Schoen PJ, Raghoebar GM, Bouma J, Reintsema H, Vissink A, Sterk W, Roodenburg JLN. Rehabilitation of oral function in head and neck cancer patients after radiotherapy with implant-retained dentures: Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Oral Oncol 2007;43(4):379–388.

11 implants lost in 7 patients (8 before loading, 3 after). No significant difference in peri-implant health between HBO and non-HBO groups except plaque-index No differences between HBO and non-HBO groups in oral functioning / denture-problem impact / quality of

Schraibman 1968

Schraibman IG. Gas gangrene after amputation for peripheral vascular disease. Postgrad Med J 1968;44(513):551-3 (AUTHOR and TITLE are printed in the scan. YEAR, VOLUME and ISSUE are NOT — the scan carries no journal name, no volume, no issue and no year anywhere on its three pages, only the running head 'Case reports' and the printed page numbers 551, 552 and 553. Year 1968, volume 44 and issue 513 were LOOKED UP in PubMed under PMID 5662196 and are recorded as a lookup, not as a reading of the source. See 'What could and could not be established from the PDF' below.).

Schugart 2008

Schugart RC, Friedman A, Zhao R, Sen CK. Wound angiogenesis as a function of tissue oxygen tension: a mathematical model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105(7):2628-2633.

Sealy 1978

Sealy R. A preliminary clinical study in the use of misonidazole in cancer of the head and neck. Br J Cancer Suppl 1978;3:314–317.

With large fractions of irradiation, misonidazole appeared to confer no advantage; in previously The combination of hyperbaric oxygen and misonidazole did not appear to be toxic.

Sealy 1986

Sealy R, Cridland S, Barry L, Norris R. Irradiation with misonidazole and hyperbaric oxygen: final report on a randomized trial in advanced head and neck cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1986;12(8):1343–1346.

The results favoured the combination (misonidazole + HBO) over conventional irradiation and

Serena 2021

Serena TE, et al. Topical oxygen therapy in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: a multicentre, open, randomised controlled clinical trial. J Wound Care 2021;30(Sup5):S7-S14.

Sevil 2016

Sevil E, Bercin S, Muderris T, Gul F, Kiris M. Comparison of two different steroid treatments with hyperbaric oxygen for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016;273(9):2419–2426.

Mild (PTA ≤60), severe (60–80) and profound (≥81 dB) ISSNHL; 20 sessions HBO in both arms, with IT steroid IT + HBO: 19 dB gain, 78.9% success; IV + HBO: 18 dB, 70.5% — IT numerically better; benefit concentrated in

Shah 2025

Shah SR, Wu A, Sindwani R, Tang D. Presentation and Optimal Management of Anterior and Central Skull Base Osteoradionecrosis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Laryngoscope 2025;135(3):982–990 (first published 15 Oct 2024).

Conservative therapy (including HBO): resolution 8/197 = 4.1%. Surgical treatment: 135/188 = 71.8%. Of these, vascularised tissue coverage: 104/114 = 91.2%. Surgery was superior to medical treatment alone; vascularised reconstruction was best. Authors

Shander 2018

Shander A, Goodnough LT. Management of anemia in patients who decline blood transfusion. Am J Hematol 2018;93(9):1183–1191.

A narrative practice review of "Bloodless Medicine and Surgery" (BMS), built around three illustrative case vignettes with commentary between them, plus the authors' institutional BMS protocol reproduced as a table. There is no methods section, no search strategy and no comparison of any kind.

Shao 2011

Shao Y, Lu G-L, Shen Z-J. Comparison of intravesical hyaluronic acid instillation and hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of radiation‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis. BJU Int 2011 (Study type: Therapy RCT; Level of Evidence 1b).

All 36 completed; no obvious side effects of intravesical HA. At 12 and 18 months the improvement rate showed no statistical difference between the two groups — HA Both arms achieved substantial symptom improvement (reduction in pelvic pain, urgency, gross haematuria;

Shappell 2019

Shappell HW, Kislevitz M, Reddy G, Amirlak B, Morey A, Stone JA. Successful replantation of amputated penis with adjuvant hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(5):699-703.

Sharma 2021

Sharma R, Sharma SK, Mudgal SK, Jelly P, Thakur K. Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcer, a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Sci Rep 2021;11(1):2189.

Complete healing significantly favoured HBOT (pooled OR 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.61; I²=62%; authors Major amputation reduced: RR 0.60 (95% CI 0.39–0.92; I²=24%). Minor amputation not significantly reduced (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.34–1.97); more adverse events in the

Shaw and Dhanda 2011 (Part I)

Shaw RJ, Dhanda J. Hyperbaric oxygen in the management of late radiation injury to the head and neck. Part I: treatment. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;49(1):2-8.

Shaw and Butterworth 2011 (Part II)

Shaw RJ, Butterworth C. Hyperbaric oxygen in the management of late radiation injury to the head and neck. Part II: prevention. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2011;49(1):9-13.

Shaw 2014

Shaw JJ, Psoinos C, Emhoff TA, Shah SA, Santry HP. Not just full of hot air: hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases survival in cases of necrotizing soft tissue infections. Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2014;15(3):328-335 (PMID 24786980. DOI 10.1089/sur.2012.135).

Shaw 2019

Shaw RJ, Butterworth CJ, Silcocks P, Tesfaye BT, Bickerstaff M, Jackson R, et al. HOPON (Hyperbaric Oxygen for the Prevention of Osteoradionecrosis): A Randomized Controlled Trial of Hyperbaric Oxygen to Prevent Osteoradionecrosis of the Irradiated Mandible After Dentoalveolar Surgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019;104(3):530–539.

ORN at 6 months: 6.4% (HBO) vs 5.7% (control) — OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.14–8.92), p=1. Fewer acute symptoms with HBO; no significant difference in late pain or quality of life. Higher dropout in the HBO arm.

Sheffield 1997

Sheffield PJ, Desautels DA. Hyperbaric and hypobaric chamber fires: a 73-year analysis. Undersea Hyperb Med 1997;24(3):153-164.

Sheffield and Pirone

Sheffield PJ, Pirone CJ. Decompression sickness in inside attendants (Section VI, Chapter 2). Book chapter - parent volume not identified in the extractable text 2002.

Sheffield and Posey 2021

Sheffield R, Posey KI. Ear Barotrauma: What Chamber Operators Should Know. International ATMO Education (learn.hyperbaricmedicine.com) 2021.

Sherlock 2018

Sherlock S, Way M, Tabah A. Audit of practice in Australasian hyperbaric units on the incidence of central nervous system oxygen toxicity. Diving Hyperb Med 2018;48(2):73-78.

Sherlock 2021

Sherlock S, Kelly S, Bennett MH. Hyperbaric oxygen for sudden hearing loss: influence of international guidelines on practice in Australia and New Zealand. Diving Hyperb Med 2021;51(1):68-71.

Sideris 2024

Sideris G, Petsiou DP, Kourklidou M, et al. Fungal Malignant Otitis Externa: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024;16(10):e71345.

HBO therapy was used in 34/197 (17.3%) and surgical debridement in 35 (17.8%). Mortality 4% (literature range 2–11%); late diagnosis, cranial-nerve involvement and inadequate The review states the evidence supporting HBO efficacy in FMOE is limited; the primary treatment is

Simanić (Igor) 2013

Simanić I, Teofilovski M, Paspalj D, Radotić M, Djordjević D, Živković V, Jakovljević V. Hyperbaric oxygenation accelerates prosthetic rehabilitation of lower limb amputees. Undersea Hyperb Med 2013;40(3).

Higher arterial Hb saturation at discharge with HBO (94.74 ± 3.28% vs 92.60 ± 4.66%, p=0.009). Better distal pulse palpability (a. dorsalis pedis palpable in 27 vs 18 subjects; p<0.05). Fewer amputation-stump complications and significantly less time from admission to finishing the

Continuous topical oxygen 2024

Wound Healing Southern Africa 2024 original research (authors as printed in the byline). The role of continuous topical oxygen therapy as an adjunctive treatment in non-healing wounds. Wound Healing Southern Africa 2024;17(1):15-21.

Slack 1969

Slack WK, Hanson GC, Chew HE. Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of gas gangrene and clostridial infection: A report of 40 patients treated in a single-person hyperbaric oxygen chamber. Br J Surg 1969;56(7):505–510.

Of the 32 patients with clostridial infections, 9 died — but none died from the clostridial infection HBO was associated with subsidence of systemic toxaemia, allowing surgery/amputation to be Reinforces the triad — HBO is adjunctive to surgical debridement and antibiotics, not a substitute;

Smart 2024

Smart D. Five consecutive cases of sensorineural hearing loss associated with inner ear barotrauma due to diving, successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(4):360-367 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.4.360-367).

Smart 2025

Smart D, Wilmshurst P, Banham N, Turner M, Mitchell SJ. Joint position statement on atrial shunts (persistent [patent] foramen ovale and atrial septal defects) and diving: 2025 update. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society (SPUMS) and the United Kingdom Diving Medical Committee (UKDMC). Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(1):51-55.

Smolle 2024

Smolle C, Auinger D, Lindenmann J, Smolle J, Smolle-Juettner FM, Kamolz LP. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy in thermal burn injury revisited. Pressure does matter. Review. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(2):115–127.

Outcomes: 64/94 (67.4%) positive, 16 (17.9%) ambiguous, 14 (14.7%) negative. The only factor independently associated with outcome was pressure: <3 ATA was significantly linked to

Soh 2012

Soh CR, Pietrobon R, Freiberger JJ, Chew ST, Rajgor D, Gandhi M, Shah J, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in necrotising soft tissue infections: a study of patients in the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Intensive Care Med 2012;38(7):1143–1151.

HBOT-treated patients had a significantly lower risk of death — adjusted OR 0.49 (95% CI 0.29–0.83). HBOT was associated with higher hospital cost and longer length of stay (expected for a sicker,

Sokolowski 2022

Sokolowski SA, Räisänen-Sokolowski AK, Tuominen LJ, Lundell RV. Delayed treatment for decompression illness: factors associated with long treatment delays and treatment outcome. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 2022;52(4):271-276.

The delay comparison is null. Patients with no residual symptoms had a median delay of 24 h A shorter delay was associated with needing fewer treatments. Patients needing only one HBOT had a Symptom type drove the delay, not the other way round. Cardiopulmonary symptoms had a shorter

Sokolowski 2024

Sokolowski SA, Räisänen-Sokolowski AK, Lundell RV (Helsinki University). Development of myopia in scuba diving and hyperbaric oxygen treatment: a case report and systematic review. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(4):328–337.

Hyperoxic myopia is a well-known, typically reversible side effect of repeated HBOT exposure (lens Safety/consent relevance: patients on a full HBOT course should be counselled about transient myopic shift

Song 2018

Song M, Jeon SH, Shin TM. An anti-barotrauma system for preventing barotrauma during hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(1).

Spiegel 2025

Spiegel JL, De Biasio MJ, Sampieri G, Ungar OJ, et al. Adjunctive Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy or Intratympanic Steroids in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss? Laryngoscope 2025 (online 23 Dec 2025).

119 patients: ITSI 73 vs HBOT + ITSI 46. Significant within-group pre-to-post improvement in PTA/SRT/WRS HBOT-responder audiogram improvement seen within 10.9 ± 6.5 (max 23) sessions; no benefit beyond 23 Conclusion: no additional benefit from concurrent adjunctive HBOT; HBOT may help steroid-refractory

Spisni 2017

Spisni E, Marabotti C, De Fazio L, Valerii MC, Cavazza E, Brambilla S, Hoxha K, L'Abbate A, Longobardi P. A comparative evaluation of two decompression procedures for technical diving using inflammatory responses: compartmental versus ratio deco. Diving Hyperb Med 2017;47(1):9-16.

Spruijt 2020

Spruijt NE, van den Berg R. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on late radiation tissue injury after breast cancer: a case-series of 67 patients. Diving Hyperb Med 2020;50(3):206-213.

Srichawla 2024

Srichawla BS, Garcia-Dominguez MA. Spectrum of delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy syndrome: A systematic review. World J Clin Cases 2024;12(29):6285–6301.

Carbon monoxide poisoning is a leading precipitant of DPHL (alongside opioid/other overdose, anoxia, Treatment is largely supportive — amantadine, an antioxidant cocktail, and corticosteroids are the Prognosis is variable; many patients improve over months, but the evidence base is case reports/series

Different treatment protocols 2019

Miao X, Xin Z. Different treatment protocols for moderate idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(5):659-663.

HBO2 pressure comparison 2019

Krajcovicova Z, Melus V, Zigo R, Matisakova I, Vecera J, Kralova E. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss: finding for the maximal therapeutic benefit of different applied pressures. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(5):665-672.

St Peter 2023

St Peter D, Na D, Sethuraman K, Mathews MK, Li AS. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for central retinal artery occlusion: Visual acuity and time to treatment. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(3):253-264 (DOI 10.22462/01.01.2023.11).

Stanga 2003

Stanga DF. Evaluation of intravenous therapy devices in the hyperbaric chamber (NEDU TR 03-21). Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report 2003;TR 03-21.

Bench evaluation of IV pumps and related equipment under hyperbaric conditions, part of the same programme as evidence/stanga-2003-nedu-respiratory-support-devices-hyperbaric (TR 03-18, the ventilator report). The stated context: "Ventilators, cardiac monitors, intravenous (IV) pumps, and other equipment are being evaluated to meet a U.S. Navy-identified need to improve patient care levels in the

Stanga 2003

Stanga DF. Evaluation of respiratory support devices for use in the hyperbaric chamber (NEDU TR 03-18). Navy Experimental Diving Unit Technical Report 2003;TR 03-18.

Stencel 2025 (HBOT in Alzheimers disease)

Stencel NJ, Szczot J, Skulimowska K, Krupa K, Mandecka A, Podleśna D, Machnik A, Witowicz M, Nowak M, Kilarowska K, Majta G. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) as a Potential Strategy for the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer's disease: A Review of Recent Research. Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg 2025;26(6):1-11 (DOI 10.5281/zenodo.17557525).

Stevens 1993

Stevens DL, Bryant AE, Adams K, Mader JT. Evaluation of therapy with hyperbaric oxygen for experimental infection with Clostridium perfringens. Clin Infect Dis 1993;17(2):231–237.

HBO alone did NOT improve survival at any inoculum tested. Early HBO plus penicillin or metronidazole showed significant additive efficacy (at ~10⁹ Clindamycin was the single most effective agent at high inocula (a protein-synthesis inhibitor that

Stevens 2025

Stevens G, Lewis I. A case of facial vascular occlusion after hyaluronic acid cosmetic filler injection treated with adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(1):56-58 (PMID 40090027. DOI 10.28920/dhm55.1.56-58).

Stiegler 2006

Stiegler P, Matzi V, Lipp C, Kontaxis A, Klemen H, Walch C, Smolle-Jüttner F. Porubsky C, Stiegler P, et al. — the DOI above resolves to this definitive full paper; the same study was also reported as the Stiegler 2006 UHM 33(6) conference abstract. Hyperbaric Oxygen in Tinnitus: Influence of Psychological Factors on Treatment Results? ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2006;69(2):107–112 (epub 8 Dec 2006; print 2007).

Outcomes overall: complete remission 12 (3.3%), intensity lessened 122 (33.9%), agreeable change of No statistically significant difference between the two HBO protocols (p0.05). Outcome tracked expectation: improvement in 60.3% with positive expectation (n=68) vs 47.2%

Stock 2014

Stock C, Gukasyan N, Muniappan A, Wright C, Mathisen D. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the treatment of anastomotic complications after tracheal resection and reconstruction. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014;147(3):1030-1035.

Stoekenbroek 2014

Stoekenbroek RM, Santema TB, Legemate DA, Ubbink DT, van den Brink A, Koelemay MJW. Hyperbaric Oxygen for the Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Systematic Review. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2014;47(6):647–655.

RCT-only SR. Trials split by ulcer type: ~182 patients with ischaemic ulcers, 64 with non-ischaemic, 130 unspecified; only 2 trials of good methodological quality. Pooling judged inappropriate because of significant clinical heterogeneity. Some evidence HBO improves complete healing in ischaemic DFU (not non-ischaemic); no consistent effect on amputation; more trials needed to justify routine use.

Stokes 2026

Stokes RJ, Marsden J, Watts D, Smerdon G, Hall SD, Bunn L. Outcomes in the treatment of inner ear decompression sickness with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, a systematic review. Diving Hyperb Med 2026;56(1):71–82.

Most IEDCS divers treated with recompression / HBOT improve, but a proportion have residual Practical recommendations: a standardised examination and symptom-assessment method, vestibular

Strauss 1983 (+ Skyhar 1986 companion)

Strauss MB, Hargens AR, Gershuni DH, Greenberg DA, Crenshaw AG, Hart GB, Akeson WH. Reduction of skeletal muscle necrosis using intermittent hyperbaric oxygen in a model compartment syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1983;65(5):656–662.

Intermittent HBO reduced skeletal-muscle necrosis in the compartment-syndrome model, with benefit

Strauss 2012

Strauss MB. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen in crush injuries and skeletal muscle-compartment syndromes; with the companion editorial 'Why hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be useful in treating crush injuries and skeletal muscle-compartment syndrome' Undersea Hyperb Med 2012;39(4):847-855 (review); 799-800 (editorial).

Sun 2006

Sun TB, Yang CCH, Kuo TBJ. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on cardiac neural regulation in diabetic individuals with foot complications. Diabet Med 2006;23(4):360–366.

No baseline HRV difference between groups; after HBO, significant increases in RR (+82.7±16.0 ms), Local tissue oxygenation increased significantly with HBO.

Sutkowy 2024

Sutkowy P, et al. The impact of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on the redox balance of patients with diabetic foot syndrome. Free Radic Res 2024.

Svalestad 2014

Svalestad J, Thorsen E, Vaagbø G, Hellem S. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on oxygen tension and vascular capacity in irradiated skin and mucosa. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014;43(1):107–112.

TcPO₂ increased significantly in the irradiated cheek (P<0.05), but not at reference points outside No difference between the 3- and 6-month follow-ups → the gain is durable (not a transient Control group: no significant change. No major therapeutic complications.

Svalestad 2015

Svalestad J, Hellem S, Thorsen E, Johannessen AC. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on irradiated oral mucosa: microvessel density. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015;44(3):301–307.

Microvessel density significantly increased after HBOT (P=0.002–0.041). D2-40-positive lymphatic vessels significantly increased in number and area in the sub-epithelial area No significant change in the control group.

Tan 2017

Tan VH, Chin K, Kumar AA, Chng J, Soh CR. Treatment preferences for decompression illness amongst Singapore dive physicians. Diving Hyperb Med 2017;47(2):118-122.

Teguh 2009

Teguh DN, Levendag PC, Noever I, Voet P, van der Est H, van Rooij P, Dumans AG, de Boer MF, van der Huls MPC, Sterk W, Schmitz PIM (Erasmus MC, Rotterdam). Early Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Reducing Radiotherapy Side Effects: Early Results of a Randomized Trial in Oropharyngeal and Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009;75(3):711–716.

On all QoL items, better scores in the HBOT arm. The HBOT vs non-HBOT difference was significant for EORTC H&N35 Swallowing p=0.011 EORTC H&N35 Dry Mouth (xerostomia) p=0.009

Tenenhaus 2018

Tenenhaus M, Gaid NA, Hayes S, Foubert P, et al. Injection of SVF combined with HBO2 improves viability of unfavorably designed flaps. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(4).

Tepic 2018

Tepic S, Petkovic A, Srejovic I, Jeremic N, Zivkovic V, Loncarevic S, Bradic J, Jakovljevic V. Impact of hyperbaric oxygenation on oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(1):9-17.

THEIA (Préterre 2025)

Préterre C, Gaultier A, Obadia M, et al. Intravenous alteplase versus oral aspirin for acute central retinal artery occlusion within 4.5 h of severe vision loss (THEIA): a multicentre, double-dummy, patient-blinded and assessor-blinded, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurology 2025;24(11):909–919.

70 patients randomised (35 alteplase, 35 aspirin). Mean onset-to-treatment 232 min. Primary endpoint: 19/29 (66%) alteplase vs 13/27 (48%) aspirin improved — not significant Interpretation: alteplase within 4.5 h not associated with significant benefit over aspirin; likely

Thenuwara 2016

Thenuwara K, Thomas J, Ibsen M, Ituk U, Choi K, Nickel E, Goodheart MJ. Use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and PEGylated carboxyhemoglobin bovine in a Jehovah's Witness with life-threatening anemia following postpartum hemorrhage. Int J Obstet Anesth 2016;29:73–80.

The haemorrhage. Preoperative Hb was 12.2 g/dL (Hct 38%), improved in the anaemia clinic at 34 The nadir. On postoperative day one haemoglobin was 3.0 g/dL with a lactate of 5.6 mEq/L HBOT prescription. 2.4 ATA for 90 min at FiO₂ 1.0, in a 12-hourly cycle, begun on postoperative

Thistlethwaite 2018

Thistlethwaite KR, Finlayson KJ, et al. The effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for healing chronic venous leg ulcers: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Wound Repair Regen 2018;26(4):324–331.

Complete healing at 12 weeks: no significant difference between HBOT and placebo (primary outcome). Percent area reduction (PAR): 95% (HBOT) vs 54% (placebo) — significant (p=0.042; mean difference

Thom 1995

Thom SR, Taber RL, Mendiguren II, Clark JM, Hardy KR, Fisher AB. Delayed neuropsychologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: prevention by treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. Ann Emerg Med 1995;25(4):474–480.

DNS developed in 7/30 (23%) of the ambient-pressure-oxygen group vs 0/30 (0%) after HBO (P<0.05). DNS appeared 6 ± 1 days after poisoning and persisted 41 ± 8 days. At 4-week follow-up, ambient-pressure patients who had not developed overt DNS still scored worse on

Thom 2004

Thom SR, Bhopale VM, Fisher D, Zhang J, Gimotty P. Delayed neuropathology after carbon monoxide poisoning is immune-mediated. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101(37):13660-5.

A controlled laboratory experiment in male Wistar rats (Charles River Laboratories), 200–290 g, fed standard diet and water ad libitum, all care in accordance with institutional guidelines. Carbon monoxide poisoning protocol. In a 7-litre Plexiglas chamber, rats breathed 1,000 ppm CO for 40 min, then 3,000 ppm for up to 20 min until they lost consciousness, and were then removed to breathe room ai

Tian 2025 (HBOT in cardiovascular disease)

Tian M, Du W, Yang S, Liao Q, Guo F, Li S. Application and progress of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in cardiovascular diseases. Med Gas Res 2025;15(3):427-434 (DOI 10.4103/mgr.MEDGASRES-D-24-00107).

Tlapak 2020

Tlapak J, Chmatal P, Oniscenko B, Pavlik V, Dosel P, Paral J, Lochman P. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on gene expression: microarray analysis on wound healing. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):31-37.

Tomoye 2024

Tomoye EO, Park CL, Folke L, Moon RE. Reprinted from the 2023 Hyperbaric Indications Manual 15th Edition: Intracranial Abscess. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(4):449–455.

Defines the indication (cerebral abscess, subdural/epidural empyema), aetiology, and the UHMS position;

Tomoye & Moon 2021

Tomoye EO, Moon RE. Hyperbaric oxygen for intracranial abscess. Undersea Hyperb Med 2021;48(1):97–102.

Covers aetiology (contiguous spread, haematogenous seeding, trauma), the hypoxic-abscess mechanism, and Bottom line: given the high morbidity/mortality of intracranial abscess and that HBO is

Tong 2021

Tong B, Niu K, Ku W, Xie W, Dai Q, Hellström S, Duan M. Comparison of Therapeutic Results with/without Additional Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Randomized Prospective Study. Audiol Neurootol 2021;26(1):11–16.

Overall success: 60.6% (40/66) HBO+P vs 42.9% (30/70) P (p<0.05). Greater benefit in defined subgroups: mild–moderate baseline loss, age ≤50 y, treated ≤14 days, and

Toocheck 2020

Toocheck C, Bahner D, Bachmann DJ. Carbon monoxide-induced atrial fibrillation resolved with hyperbaric oxygen. Undersea Hyperb Med 2020;47(1):145-149.

Toppen 2024

Toppen W, Cho NY, Sareh S, Kjellberg A, Medak A, Benharash P, Lindholm P. Contemporary national outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in necrotizing soft tissue infections. PLoS One 2024;19(3):e0300738.

HBOT group had lower mortality: <2% vs 5.9% (p<0.001) and lower amputation. HBOT is used in <1% of surgically-treated NSTI in the US — striking under-utilisation of a recognised

Topuz 2004

Topuz E, Yigit O, Cinar U, Seven H (Istanbul, Turkey). (received 2003). Should hyperbaric oxygen be added to treatment in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss? Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2004;261(7):393–396.

Group II (HBO added): statistically significant improvement at all frequencies except 2000 Hz; Group I Age gradient in the HBO group: mean hearing gain 39.1 ± 18.3 dB in patients < 50 years vs 22.7 ± 11.3 Authors note the high (~90%) spontaneous-recovery background makes patient selection important.

Tsushima 2024

Tsushima R, Mori K, Imaki S. Secondary deterioration in a patient with cerebral and coronary arterial gas embolism after brief symptom resolution: a case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(1):61-64.

Tuluy 2023

Tuluy Y, Aksoy A, Sır E. Effects of external bleeding and hyperbaric oxygen treatment on Tamai zone 1 replantation. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 2023;53(1):2-6 (DOI 10.28920/dhm53.1.2-6).

Turgut 2023

Turgut B, Canarslan Demir K, Sariyerli Dursun GB, Zaman T. Hemiplegia resulting from acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Diving Hyperb Med 2023;53(2):155-157.

Türkmen 2025

Türkmen O, Özkan R, Özgök Kangal K, Dur İnce M, Arslan Y. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and pulmonary air-containing lesions. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):343-351 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.4.343-351).

Letter 2019

Letters to the Editors (correspondence, author as printed). HBO2 for radiation cystitis (letter concerning Oscarsson et al, randomised controlled trial). Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(5):725-727.

UHMS Hyperbaric Medicine Indications Manual, 15th ed (2023)

Huang ET (Chair & Editor). Hyperbaric Medicine Indications Manual, 15th ed. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society / Best Publishing Company; 2023. ISBN 978-1-947239-42-5.

UHMS 2002

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Adjunctive therapy for decompression illness (DCI): summary of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society guidelines. December 2002.

UHMS Associates 2004

UHMS Associates Facility Design Committee (Wood S, chair). Hyperbaric Facility Design Guidelines, Version 1.0. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society Associates 2004;1.0:1-11.

UHMS 2018

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. UHMS Position Statement: The role of hyperbaric oxygen for acute traumatic ischemias. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(5):617-620.

UHMS 2018

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. UHMS guidelines for credentialing, privileging and supervision of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the U.S.A. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(1):117-127 (created March 2009; revised June 2014 and January 2018).

UHMS 2019

Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. UHMS Position Statement: Minimum-staffing guidelines for multiplace hyperbaric facilities. Undersea Hyperb Med 2019;46(1).

UHMS 15th ed (2023) Ch.15

Camporesi EM, Zanon V, Vezzani G, Bosco G. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society; 2023. Chapter 15. Avascular Necrosis (Aseptic Osteonecrosis). Avascular Necrosis (Aseptic Osteonecrosis). In: Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Indications, 15th ed.

Acceptance & grade: "Published evidence of the beneficial effects of HBO₂ on osteonecrosis led to its Recommendation: "we recommend that HBO₂ be included amongst the possible therapeutic options for Mechanism: raises tissue O₂, reduces marrow oedema and intraosseous pressure via vasoconstriction,

UHMS 2023

UHMS Equipment Subcommittee. Description of Medical Device Approval Process - Class A Multiplace Chambers (Medical Device Approval Form, updated September 2023). Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society 2023:1-17.

The current formal instrument through which a testing facility documents a medical device for use in Class A (multiplace) chambers: facility identification, device description, and the structured safety data the Equipment Subcommittee requires. It is the institutionalised version of the risk-assessment thinking in evidence/burman-2009-decision-process-medical-equipment-hyperbaric, and the pathway

Unfirer 2016

Unfirer S, Mihalj M, Novak S, Kibel A, Cavka A, et al. Hyperbaric oxygenation affects the mechanisms of acetylcholine-induced relaxation in diabetic rats. Undersea Hyperb Med 2016;43(7):787-803.

Uniyal 2025

Uniyal M, Ahmad I, Dhiman AK, Kumar A, Sarkar B, Jagne N, Mago V, Azam MQ. The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Split-Thickness Skin Graft Uptake in Posttraumatic Wounds and Donor Site Healing: A Randomized Controlled Trial. AIIMS Rishikesh, India. The Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Split-Thickness Skin Graft Uptake in Posttraumatic Wounds and Donor Site Healing: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Wounds 2025;37(3):134–140.

Graft uptake POD 4: 92.44% (SD 5.98) HBOT vs 88.12% (8.92) control, P=.036. Graft uptake POD 7: 91.69% (8.71) vs 83.12% (14.94), P=.026. Donor-site recovery faster: 15.16 (0.88) days vs 17.97 (2.49) days, significant. Graft-site infection

van Merkesteyn 1984

Van Merkesteyn JP, Bakker DJ, Van der Waal I, Kusen GJ, Egyedi P, Van den Akker HP, De Man K, Panders AK, Lekkas KE. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws. Int J Oral Surg 1984;13(5):386–395.

Chronic suppurative osteomyelitis (5 patients): all remained free of symptoms during follow-up. In Diffuse sclerosing type A (5 patients): 2 arrested, 2 markedly improved, 1 not improved at all. One Diffuse sclerosing type B (6 patients): 1 arrested, 2 improved, 3 not improved. The 3 non-improved

Van Meter 2005

Van Meter KW. A systematic review of the application of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of severe anemia: an evidence-based approach. Undersea Hyperb Med 2005;32(1):61–83.

All 35 publications reported a positive result when HBO₂ was delivered as treatment for severe The evidence is case reports and series — there is no randomised controlled trial, because the

Van Meter 2012

Van Meter KW. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen on severe anemia. Undersea Hyperb Med 2012;39(5):937–942.

HBO dissolves oxygen in red-cell-poor plasma/resuscitation fluids to emergently supply tissue oxygen; and Cost/health-system argument: one HBO treatment is roughly the wholesale cost of a unit of packed red

Van Meter 2024

Van Meter KW. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the ATLS/ACLS resuscitative management of acutely ill or severely injured patients with severe anemia: a review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024;11:1408816.

For short periods, plasma-dissolved oxygen at pressure can meet resting oxygen requirements without red Intermittent HBO averts oxygen toxicity while resupplying ATP for gene expression and reparative/ HBO ameliorates reperfusion injury after ischaemia; complication rate is very low; modern chambers can

van de Wetering 2016

van de Wetering FT, Verleye L, Andreyev HJN, Maher J, Vlayen J, Pieters BR, van Tienhoven G, Scholten RJPM. Non-surgical interventions for late rectal problems (proctopathy) of radiotherapy in people who have received radiotherapy to the pelvis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016;(4):CD003455.

Hyperbaric oxygen vs placebo — clinical evaluation healed or improved: RR 2.55 (95% CI 1.30–5.02), favouring HBO (single double-blind RCT, Clarke 2008, HBO at ~2.0–2.4 ATA). The review covered many non-surgical modalities (rectal sucralfate, formalin, short-chain-fatty-acid enemas, argon plasma coagulation, anti-inflammatories, HBO); heterogeneity precluded pooling across modalities and no standard could be recommended.

Vann 2011

Vann RD, Butler FK, Mitchell SJ, Moon RE. Decompression illness. Lancet 2011;377(9760):153-64.

van Ooij 2014

van Ooij PJAM, van Hulst RA, Kulik W, Brinkman P, Houtkooper A, Sterk PJ. Hyperbaric oxygen diving affects exhaled molecular profiles in men. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014;198:20–24.

Vas/IWGDF 2020

Vas P, Rayman G, Dhatariya K, Driver V, Hartemann A, Löndahl M, Piaggesi A, Apelqvist J, Attinger C, Game F. Effectiveness of interventions to enhance healing of chronic foot ulcers in diabetes: a systematic review. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2020;36(S1):e3284.

IWGDF systematic review of interventions to enhance DFU healing; across modalities no evidence was found to justify newer therapies for routine use. For HBO, firm conclusions could not be drawn — the trials were limited by high dropout, protocol non-compliance and statistical-analysis errors.

Vceva 2022

Vceva A, Zubcic Z, Mihalj H, Males J, Mendes T, Sestak A. Pretreatment hearing grades and hearing recovery outcomes after primary hyperbaric oxygen treatment in patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Diving Hyperb Med 2022;52(3):191-196.

Villanueva 2004

Villanueva E, Bennett MH, Wasiak J, Lehm JP. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for thermal burns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004;(3):CD004727.

One trial: no difference in length of stay, mortality, or number of surgeries once adjusted for The other trial: shorter mean healing time with HBOT (19.7 vs 43.8 days). Poor trial quality precluded confidence in either result.

Villeirs 2020

Villeirs L, Tailly T, Ost P, Waterloos M, Decaestecker K, Fonteyne V, Van Praet C, Lumen N. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for radiation cystitis after pelvic radiotherapy: Systematic review of the recent literature. Int J Urol 2020;27(2):98–107.

Systematic review of recent literature on HBO for radiation cystitis; overall response 64.8–100% and complete response 20–100% across studies, with high pooled weighted averages. Consistent with a real, clinically useful effect; heterogeneity in response definitions and mostly observational designs limit certainty.

Vingolo 1999

Vingolo EM, Pelaia P, Forte R, Rocco M, Giusti C, Rispoli E. Does hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) delivery rescue retinal photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa? Doc Ophthalmol 1999;97(1):33–39 (Kluwer).

ERG b-wave amplitude rose in the HBO cases (T0 10.7 ± 7.6 µV → T3 14.4 ± 11.7 µV) — a remarkable Controls declined (T0 4.92 ± 3.05 µV → T3 2.97 ± 3.61 µV) — a slight but significant decrease Authors' own caution: the study demonstrates an increase in electroretinographic responses only,

Vingolo 2008

Vingolo EM, Rocco M, Grenga PL, Salvatore S, Pelaia P. Slowing the degenerative process, long lasting effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in retinitis pigmentosa. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2008;246(1):93–98.

Visual acuity preservation at 5 years: 87.5% of the HBO group retained 80% of initial VA vs a At 10 years: 63.3% (HBO) vs 40% (control) maintained residual VA (χ²=3.22, p=0.05); static ERG b-wave mean values at the end of the protocol were significantly higher in the HBO group.

Vinkel 2022

Vinkel J, Rib L, Buil A, Hedetoft M, Hyldegaard O. Investigating the Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection With Transcriptomics and Machine Learning (the HBOmic Study): Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study With Data Validation. JMIR Res Protoc 2022;11(11):e39252.

Vinkel 2023

Vinkel J, Rib L, Buil A, Hedetoft M, Hyldegaard O. Key pathways and genes that are altered during treatment with hyperbaric oxygen in patients with sepsis due to necrotizing soft tissue infection (HBOmic study). Eur J Med Res 2023;28(1):507.

Vishwanath 2011

Vishwanath G. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in free flap surgery: is it meaningful? Med J Armed Forces India 2011.

No significant difference in flap survival, time to resolution of venous congestion, resolution

Vomhof-DeKrey 2026

Vomhof-DeKrey EE, Ajayi OD. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of mild hyperbaric oxygen on serum biomarkers in persistent post-concussive symptoms: analysis at 13-week follow-up. Trauma Care 2026;6:9 (DOI 10.3390/traumacare6020009; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05173818).

Wackett 2024

Wackett J, Devaney B, Chau R, Ho J, King N, Grewal J, Armstrong J, Mitra B. Reported outcome measures in necrotising soft tissue infections: a systematic review. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(1):47-56 (PMID 38507909. DOI 10.28920/dhm54.1.47-56).

Wadee 2021

Wadee AN, Aref MHF, Nassar AA, Abo-Bakr I, et al. The influence of low- intensity laser irradiation versus hyperbaric oxygen therapy on transcutaneous oxygen tension in chronic diabetic foot ulcers: a controlled randomized trial. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021;20(2):1489–1497.

Control group: no significant TcPO₂ change; both LILI and HBOT: significant improvement vs baseline The percentage improvement in TcPO₂ was greater with HBOT than LILI — HBOT favoured on this

Wahl 2019

Wahl AM, Bidstrup D, Smidt-Nielsen IG, et al. A single session of hyperbaric oxygen therapy demonstrates acute and long-lasting neuroplasticity effects in humans: a replicated, randomized controlled clinical trial. J Pain Res 2019.

HBOT reduced BI-induced SHA vs control: 18.8 (95% CI 10.5–27.0) cm² vs 32.0 (20.1–43.9) cm² (P=0.021). Order/carryover (long-lasting) effect: in the AC→HBOT sequence a significantly larger SHA appeared in

Wang 2003

Wang C, Schwaitzberg S, Berliner E, Zarin DA, Lau J. Hyperbaric Oxygen for Treating Wounds: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Arch Surg 2003;138(3):272–279.

57 studies — 7 RCTs, 16 nonrandomised, 34 case series; 2000 patients. HBO may be beneficial for hypoxic/ischaemic wounds, but methodological quality was limited. None used wound-tissue hypoxia as an inclusion criterion — so the reviews could not confirm HBO works specifically in the hypoxic wounds it is mechanistically meant to help; a persisting selection critique.

Wang 2011

Wang CJ, Wu RW, Yang YJ. Treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A comparative study of extracorporeal shockwave therapy and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011;92(2):187–193.

Complete healing: 57% (ESWT) vs 25% (HBOT) (P=0.003). ≥50% improvement 32% vs 15% (P=0.071); unchanged ulcers 11% (ESWT) vs 60% (HBOT) (P<0.001); none Blood-flow perfusion and histology (cell proliferation, less apoptosis) favoured ESWT after treatment.

Wang 2011

Wang CJ, Ko JY, Kuo YR, Yang YJ. Molecular changes in diabetic foot ulcers. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2011;94(1):105–110.

Cohort: 39 patients (44 ulcers) ESWT (6 sessions) vs 38 patients (40 ulcers) HBOT (20 daily sessions); serial biopsies assessed molecular markers of angiogenesis, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Both modalities altered wound-healing molecular activity; the study characterises mechanism rather than comparing clinical healing endpoints.

Wang 2016

Wang H, Li Y, Wu Q, Xu C, Liu Q. Combination of butylphthalide with umbilical mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016;95(49):e5412.

42 DEACMP patients, 3 groups: MSC transplantation + butylphthalide (n=14); MSC alone; or HBOT. MSCs delivered by alternating subarachnoid and carotid-artery injection (self-made high-pressure injector — experimental). MMSE and Barthel index were significantly higher with combined MSC + butylphthalide than with MSC alone or HBOT (all P<0.0001); no significant adverse events.

Wang 2019

Wang W, Cheng J, Zhang J, Wang K. Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen on Neurologic Sequelae and All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Med Sci Monit 2019;25:7684–7693.

HBO lowered the risk of memory impairment vs NBO. Two HBO sessions were associated with higher memory-impairment risk than one session. HBO increased neuropsychological scores (block design, trail making); no other significant differences

Wang 2026

Wang H, Zhou H, Nie J, Du S, Ning W, Ding S, Zhang H. Effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen in traumatic brain injury patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement Ther Med 2026:103417.

Wang 2026

Wang H, Ma X, Sun Y, Guo Z, Wang J, Sun M. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for osteoporosis: a systematic review of preclinical evidence and mechanisms. Bone 2026;205:117772.

Wang 2026

Wang Y, Liu Y, Yang J, Peng D, Hua Q, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang W, Chen Y. Safety and efficacy of the combination of hyperbaric oxygen and 177Lu-DOTA-IBA in treating metastatic bone pain due to tumors. Sci Rep 2026 (DOI 10.1038/s41598-026-62346-0).

Warchol 2017

Warchol JM, Cooper JS, Diesing TS. Hyperbaric oxygen-associated seizure leading to stroke. Diving Hyperb Med 2017;47(4):260-262.

Ward 1974

Ward AJ, Stubbs B, Dixon B. Carcinoma of the cervix: establishment of a hyperbaric oxygen trial associated with the use of the Cathetron. Br J Radiol 1974;47:319–325.

Describes the trial structure and technique; the initial patient response is reported as "encouraging" No definitive survival / local-control result in this paper.

Warriner 2012

Warriner RA 3rd, Hopf HW. The effect of hyperbaric oxygen in the enhancement of healing in selected problem wounds. Undersea Hyperb Med 2012;39(5):923-935 (PMID 23045921).

Watanabe 2021

Watanabe T, Asai K, Fukuhara S, Uozumi R, Bessho K. Effectiveness of surgery and hyperbaric oxygen for antiresorptive agent-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A subgroup analysis by disease stage. PLoS One 2021;16(1):e0244859.

Watson 1978

Watson ER, Halnan KE, Dische S, Saunders MI, Cade IS, McEwen JB, Wiernik G, Perrins DJD, Sutherland I. Hyperbaric oxygen and radiotherapy: a Medical Research Council trial in carcinoma of the cervix. Br J Radiol 1978;51:879–887.

Benefit in both local control and survival with HBO — "a true improvement in the therapeutic ratio." Benefit was greatest in patients under 55 who presented with stage III disease (actuarial local Slight increase in radiation morbidity, but judged outweighed by the tumour-control gain.

Weaver and Strauss 1991

Weaver LK, Strauss MB (editors). Monoplace Hyperbaric Chamber Safety Guidelines. Report to the Hyperbaric Chamber Safety Committee of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society 1991:1-68.

Weaver 2002

Weaver LK, Hopkins RO, Chan KJ, Churchill S, Elliott CG, Clemmer TP, Orme JF, Thomas FO, Morris AH. Hyperbaric Oxygen for Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. N Engl J Med 2002;347(14):1057–67.

Cognitive sequelae at 6 weeks: 19/76 (25.0%) HBOT vs 35/76 (46.1%) normobaric, P = 0.007. After adjustment for cerebellar dysfunction and stratification variables: adjusted OR 0.45 (95% CI 12 months: cognitive sequelae remained less frequent with HBOT (intention-to-treat, P = 0.04).

Weaver 2014

Weaver LK. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2014;41(4):339-354.

Weaver 2023

Weaver LK, Deru K, Churchill S, Russo A. A randomized trial of one versus three hyperbaric oxygen sessions for acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2023;50(3):325–342.

No difference in the rate of neuropsychological sequelae between three HBO sessions and one HBO Overall sequelae rates were higher than in the 2002 trial, attributed by the authors to differences in

Weaver 2024

Weaver LK. Carbon monoxide poisoning (reprinted from the 2023 Hyperbaric Indications Manual, 15th edition). Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(3):253-276.

Weaver 2025

Weaver LK, Ziemnik R, Deru K, Russo AA. A double-blind randomized trial of hyperbaric oxygen for persistent symptoms after brain injury. Sci Rep 2025;15(1):6885.

NSI at 13 weeks improved with HBO₂ vs sham — mean difference 7.0 (95% CI 1.7–12.3, p=0.01). HBO₂ group also improved on olfaction, anxiety, sleep difficulties, and vestibular complaints; both

Weber 2018

Weber R, Silver A, Williams SJ, Stephenson L, Usera PC, Zhang F, Tian H, Yang W, Wang WZ, Fang XH, Zamboni WA, Baynosa R. Random flap survival with hyperbaric oxygen: daily versus twice-daily treatments. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(2):157-163.

Weinrich 2026

Weinrich L, Tischer T, Schlesiger L, Pachowsky ML, Hoos L. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on human musculoskeletal pathologies in clinical studies: a systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2026;27(1):661.

Weiss 2010

Weiss JN. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of retinal artery occlusion. Undersea Hyperb Med 2010;37(3):167-72.

Five patients, symptom duration one to 12 days, each treated with hyperbaric oxygen for one hour at 1.5 ATA. Four had been diagnosed with branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) and one with a cilioretinal artery occlusion. Three patients had macular-sparing occlusions and had lost visual field; the remaining two had macular involvement and marked loss of central acuity.

Smart 2008

Smart H, et al. Multidisciplinary approach in hyperbaric oxygen therapy: application of the WHASA wheel on the diabetic foot. Wound Healing Southern Africa 2008;1(2):42-44.

Wilkinson & Doolette 2004

Wilkinson D, Doolette D. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment and survival from necrotizing soft tissue infection. Arch Surg 2004;139(12):1339–1345.

44 patients, 6 deaths (14%). Survival was less likely with increased age, renal dysfunction, idiopathic aetiology, and NOT receiving For extremity NSTI, HBO₂ significantly reduced amputation (P=0.05).

Williamson 2023

Williamson J, Sharma A, Murray-Douglass A, et al. Outcomes of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for central and branch retinal artery occlusion at a major Australian referral hospital. Diving Hyperb Med 2023;53(3):224–229.

Central RAO: 71% (12/17) improved (objective BCVA in 8/17 = 47%, plus subjective in 4 more); mean Branch RAO: no improvement in any of the 5 patients (numbers small). Limited side effects; no irreversible adverse events.

Willy 2012

Willy C, Rieger H, Vogt D. [Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for necrotizing soft tissue infections: contra]. Chirurg 2012;83(11):960–972 (PMID 23138865. DOI 10.1007/s00104-012-2284-z. Published in German with an English abstract.).

The search returned 250 hits after removal of duplicates. Those 250 peer-reviewed articles Half of the 250 reports are case series or case reports (OCEBM level 4 and 5; n=125). About 33% Only ten of the 250 articles report a retrospective HBOT versus non-HBOT group comparison, all

Wilmshurst 2024

Wilmshurst PL, Edge CJ. Recurrent cutaneous decompression sickness in a hyperbaric chamber attendant with a large persistent foramen ovale. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(4):354-359 (DOI 10.28920/dhm54.4.354-359).

Wingelaar 2019

Wingelaar TT, Endert EL, Hoencamp R, van Ooij PJAM, van Hulst RA. Longitudinal screening of hearing threshold in navy divers: is diving really a hazard? Diving Hyperb Med 2019;49(4):283-289.

Wiseman & Grossman 1985

Wiseman DH, Grossman AR. —. Hyperbaric Oxygen in the Treatment of Burns. Symposium on Burns (Surgical Clinics of North America / Critical Care Clinics era, 1985).

A narrative review of burn pathogenesis and the possible roles of HBO, drawing on the authors' observational experience using HBO routinely for burns since 1972, plus animal and small human studies.

WITHDRAWN

Ríos-Gómez M, Gómez-Ortega V, Cardona C, De La Hoz-Valle JA. WITHDRAWN — DO NOT CITE. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in Plastic, Aesthetic, and Reconstructive Surgery: Systematic Review. 2023:43-52 (record withdrawn 2026-08-04; the paper itself has never been obtained or read, and no appraisal of it stands).

Witucki 2013

Witucki P, Duchnick J, Neuman T, Grover I. Incidence of DCS and oxygen toxicity in chamber attendants: a 28-year experience. Undersea Hyperb Med 2013;40(4):345-350.

Wolf 2012

Wolf EG, Prye J, Michaelson R, Brower G, Profenna L, Boneta O. Hyperbaric side effects in a traumatic brain injury randomized clinical trial. Undersea Hyperb Med 2012;39(6):1075–1082.

No major adverse events — no pulmonary barotrauma, pulmonary oedema or seizure. Side effects were infrequent and mild; HBO at 2.4 atm abs was well tolerated.

Wong 2024

Wong ZKR, Teo CKA, Kwek JWM, Kim SJ, See HG. Hyperbaric oxygen for the treatment of carbon monoxide-induced delayed neurological sequelae: a case report and review of the literature. Diving Hyperb Med 2024;54(1):65-68 (PMID 38507912. DOI 10.28920/dhm54.1.65-68).

Wood & Bennett 2016

Wood D, Bennett M. Pre-emptive treatment with hyperbaric oxygen following radiation therapy for head and neck cancer may prevent the onset of late radiation tissue injury (Critical Appraisal). Diving Hyperb Med 2016;46(2):124.

Wright 2002

Wright JK, Ehler W, McGlasson DL, Thompson W. Facilitation of recovery from acute blood loss with hyperbaric oxygen. Arch Surg 2002;137(7):850-3.

A controlled laboratory experiment from the Davis Hyperbaric Laboratory, US Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine. The stated hypothesis is that hyperbaric oxygen up-regulates haemoglobin synthesis after acute blood loss in an animal model of moderate (30%) blood loss — that is, the question is whether hyperbaric oxygen might spare transfusion at blood losses far below the life-threatening levels

Wright 2023

Wright B, Guilliod R, Thakur B, Kundig C, Morales J, Tessler J, et al. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy versus placebo for post-concussion syndrome (HOT-POCS): a randomized, double-blinded controlled pilot study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023;34:101176 (TRIAL PROTOCOL, not a results paper; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05643482. PMID 37416626; DOI 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101176).

Wu 2018

Wu X, Chen S, Li S, Zhang J, Luan D, Zhao S, Chu Z, Xu Y. Oxygen therapy in patients with retinal artery occlusion: A meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018;13(8):e0202154.

Meta-analysis comparing best-corrected visual acuity in oxygen-therapy vs non-oxygen-therapy RAO patients. Oxygen therapy improved VA, with the benefit greatest for 100% hyperbaric oxygen and treatment durations 9 hours.

Wu 2025

Wu P, Tang KB, Yan WW. Periorbital emphysema after a dry hyperbaric chamber exposure. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(3):280-283 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.3.280-283).

Xiang 2017

Xiang W, Xue H, Wang B, Li Y, et al. Combined application of dexamethasone and hyperbaric oxygen therapy yields better efficacy for patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017;11:513–519.

At 4 weeks, the dexamethasone + HBO group had a significantly higher remission rate (P=0.032), CSF MBP was significantly lower with added dexamethasone (P<0.0001), consistent with reduced

Xiang 2017 (Med Sci Monit)

Xiang W, Xue H, Wang B, Li Y, Zhang J, Jiang C, Pang J. Efficacy of N-Butylphthalide and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Cognitive Dysfunction in Patients with Delayed Encephalopathy After Acute Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Med Sci Monit 2017;23:1501–1506.

Total remission rate 47.9% (NBP + HBO) vs 33.3% (HBO alone) — significantly higher with added NBP. Significantly more experimental-group patients reached MMSE 24–30, and NIHSS was lower

Xie 2023

Xie R, Zhong A, Wu J, Cen Y, Chen J. Could hyperbaric oxygen be an effective therapy option for pathological scars? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 2023;57(1–6):330–335.

Only 4 comparative studies (1 RCT, 1 controlled clinical trial, 2 retrospective cohorts). HBO reduced scar recurrence after surgery/radiotherapy — OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.13–0.52, p=0.0001), with higher

Xie 2026

Xie S, Hong W, Huang L, Hong Y. Impact of hyperbaric oxygen as initial treatment on idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss prognosis: a propensity scores matching analysis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 2026.

Xu 2019

Xu XM, Luo H, Rong BB, Zheng XM, Wang FT, Zhang SJ, Li ZX. Management of delayed encephalopathy after CO poisoning: An evidence-based narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98(49):e18199.

Surveys the candidate therapies — hyperbaric oxygen, corticosteroids, N-butylphthalide, edaravone, Frames HBO as part of the standard DEACMP management background rather than a proven cure — consistent

Xu 2026

Xu Y, Huang C. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for necrotizing fasciitis: a narrative review of mechanisms, clinical evidence, controversies, and practical considerations. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2026;16:1842036 (Volume 16 and article number 1842036 are printed in the PDF's own citation block. Frontiers journals paginate by article number, so there is no page RANGE to record. Received 29 March 2026; revised 7 June 2026; accepted 15 June 2026; published 17 July 2026 — all four dates printed on page 1.).

Xue 2017

Xue L, Wang WL, Li Y, Gong X, Bao JX, Zhang HJ, Xie XP, Chang YM, et al. Effects of hyperbaric oxygen on hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Undersea Hyperb Med 2017;44(2):121-131.

Yamada 2020

Yamada N, Toyoda I, Ogura S. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Management of Severe Soft Tissue Injuries. 2020:81–103.

A textbook chapter, and it must be cited as one. Written by the hyperbaric and critical-care team at Gifu University Hospital, it sets out normal wound-healing physiology, the role of oxygen and reactive oxygen species in it, the pathophysiology of crush injury, the mechanisms by which hyperbaric oxygen is held to act, and then the clinical literature — nine studies collected in Table 6.2. It has

Yanagida 2024

Yanagida K, Watanabe D, Yoshida T, Nakagawa T, Mizushima A, Miura K, et al. Successful management of renal abscess secondary to diabetes mellitus with surgical treatment and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2024;51(3):231-235 (DOI 10.22462/614).

Yang 2015

Yang Z, Hu J, Qu Y, Sun F, Leng X, Li H, Zhan S. Interventions for treating gas gangrene. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;(12):CD010577.

Only two RCTs met inclusion (90 participants total). Trial 1: standard treatment + Chinese herbs (n=26) vs standard alone (n=20) — RR 3.08 (95% CI Trial 2: standard + topical HBOT (n=21) vs standard + systemic HBOT (n=23) — RR 1.10

Yang 2024

Yang TK, Wang YJ, Li HJ, Yu YF, Huang KW, Cheng JCH. Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation-Induced Hemorrhagic Cystitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2024;13(16):4724.

14 studies, 556 patients. Symptom improvement in 500/556 (89.9%). Pooled complete remission of haematuria: 55% (95% CI 51–59%; random-effects).

Yang 2025

Yang J, Ning P, Huang J, Ouyang H, Zhang J, Yang F, Cao H, Zhang F. Comparative efficacy of gas therapy for diabetic foot ulcers using network meta-analysis. PeerJ 2025;13:e19571.

34 RCTs, 2,268 DFUs, comparing gas therapies (HBOT, topical/continuous oxygen, standard care). HBOT ranked highest for healing rate (SUCRA ≈0.8) and was superior to standard of care (MD = 0.39). Authors recommend HBOT and topical oxygen as adjuncts for refractory neuro-ischaemic or ischaemic DFU.

Yang (Liehao) 2024

Yang L, Kong J, Xing Y, Pan L, Li C, Wu Z, Li M, Zhang L. Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy and negative pressure wound therapy for hard-to-heal wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Wound Care 2024;33(12):950–957.

15 studies (9 RCTs + 6 retrospective). HBO+NPWT superior on: wound healing rate OR 6.77 (95% CI Authors conclude HBO+NPWT is safe and effective but findings should be interpreted with great caution given

Yarnold 2005

Yarnold JR et al. Double-blind randomised phase II study of hyperbaric oxygen in patients with radiation-induced brachial plexopathy. Radiother Oncol 2005;77(3):327 — Letter to the Editor.

McGill Pain Questionnaire: no evidence of difference between the randomised groups. MOS SF-36: no evidence of a treatment effect missed in the main analysis. The authors judged it unlikely a treatment effect had been missed; no further neurophysiological

Yasuhara 2018

Yasuhara H, Naito H, et al. Emphysematous cystitis successfully treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy: case report. Undersea Hyperb Med 2018;45(6):701-704.

Yi 2018

Yi H, Yu S, Zhang Y, Li R, Zhang D, Xu W. Preventive effects of ketone ester BD-AcAc2 on central nervous system oxygen toxicity and concomitant acute lung injury. Diving Hyperb Med 2018;48(4):235-240.

Yigider 2021

Yigider AP, Ovunc O, Arslan E, Sunter AV, Cermik TF, Yigit O. Malignant Otitis Externa: How to Monitor the Disease in Outcome Estimation? Medeni Med J 2021;36:23–9.

The HBOT result is null and stated as such in the abstract: "Duration of symptoms before the "There were no significant relationships between the outcome measures with HBOT status and the duration "Neither the duration between the first symptom and the initiation of the treatment nor addition of

Yildiz 2016

Yildiz H, Senol L, Ercan E, Bilgili ME, Karabudak Abuaf O (Turkey). A prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the efficacy of adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa. Int J Dermatol 2016;55(2):232–237 (epub 2015; verified vs PubMed 2026-07-27).

At week 10, more HBOT patients achieved a ≥50% decrease from baseline — SS in 100% and HSSI in Significant improvements from baseline in HSSI at weeks 4 and 10 with HBOT; adjunctive HBOT judged

Yin 2021

Yin Y, Zeng W, Jing W, Tang W, Guo W. 高压氧治疗放射性颌骨骨坏死效果的系统评价. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021;39(6):690–697.

Meta-analysis of RCTs and cohort studies of HBO (± antibiotics/surgery) for ORNJ. No significant difference between: HBO+antibiotics+surgery vs surgery+antibiotics (RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.86–1.58); HBO vs antibiotics (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.63–1.09); HBO vs antifibrotic drugs (RR 0.07, 95% CI 0.00–155.86 — an interval that carries no information); and HBO alone or combined vs other methods (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.67–1.19), all P0.05.

Yoo 2025

Yoo Y, Cléroux A, Pollock NW, Boet S. Quality of reporting in hyperbaric medicine clinical trials: a cross-sectional study. Diving Hyperb Med 2025;55(4):352-368 (DOI 10.28920/dhm55.4.352-368).

Yuan 2011

Yuan J-B, Yang L-Y, Wang Y-H, Ding T, Chen T-D, Lu Q (China). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for recovery of erectile function after posterior urethral reconstruction. Int Urol Nephrol 2011;43(3):755–761.

At 3 months post-op, total IIEF and the EF, OS and IS domain scores were significantly higher in the

Zanesco 2026

Zanesco L, Mena LAP, Beraldo R, De Freitas FA, Levy D, Sousa Sevivas NE, Kawamura Demange M, Malavolta EA. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) as an adjuvant to surgical treatment of musculoskeletal injuries: a scoping review. The Hive - Musculoskeletal Journal 2026 (DOI 10.70885/hmsj.2026.07.003 — venue resolved 2026-08-06 from the article PDF now on file (raw/papers/Zanesco-2026-Hyperbaric-oxygen-therapy-HBOT-as-an-adjuvant-to-surgi.pdf); volume and page numbers are not printed on it).

Zeng 2024

Zeng S, Li Y, Yao Z, et al. Edaravone combined with hyperbaric oxygen therapy in delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning: A meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci 2024;126:270–283.

Adding edaravone to HBO improved total effective rate (RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.20–1.31), MMSE, MoCA, Authors rate the evidence low-quality.

Zhang 2022

Zhang Z, Zhang W, Xu Y, Liu D. Efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for diabetic foot ulcers: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Surg 2022;45(1):68–78.

Healing rate increased: RR 1.90 (95% CI 1.48–2.44; P<0.0001). Healing time shortened by ~19 days: MD −19.36 (95% CI −28.75 to −9.97; P<0.001). Major amputation reduced: RR 0.52 (95% CI 0.32–0.83; P<0.01).

Zhang 2025

Zhang Y, Huang B, Wang T, Dong H, Huang X, Li X. A systematic review and meta-analysis of treatment modalities and their impact on the healing progression of diabetic foot ulcers. Int J Burns Trauma 2025;15(2):41-52.

Zhang 2025

Zhang R, Guo H, Tang S, Zuo J, Shi X. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on postoperative muscle damage and inflammation following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2025;15(1):22039.

Zhang 2026

Zhang NW, Jiang M, Zhang CJ, Pan YJ, Xu RB, et al. The effectiveness of different treatment methods in the treatment and prevention of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: A systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2026;54:104467.

Bayesian network meta-analysis with SUCRA ranking of MRONJ-healing interventions: PRP-2 + L-PRF (89.3%)

Zhao 2017

e2. Zhao D, Luo S, Xu W, Hu J, Lin S, Wang N. Efficacy and Safety of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Used in Patients With Diabetic Foot: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Clin Ther 2017;39(10):2088–2094.

9 RCTs. No significant difference between HBO and standard therapy for: healed ulcers RR 2.22 (95% CI 0.87–5.62; P=0.32; I²=81%), minor amputation RR 0.95 (0.39–2.29; P=0.91), major amputation RR 0.47 (0.17–1.28; P=0.14; I²=61%), adverse events RR 1.00 (0.64–1.56; P=0.99). Only ulcer-area reduction favoured HBO (standardised mean difference 1.12; 95% CI 0.20–2.04; P=0.04; I²=70%). High heterogeneity throughout.

Zheng 2026

Zheng X, Li T, Wang J, Gao L. Gas Therapies for Chronic Wounds: Comparative Effectiveness, Safety, and Evidence Certainty—A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2026;15(7):2783.

Class effect: gas therapies increased complete healing vs standard care — RR 2.17 (95% CI 1.61–2.94), SUCRA ranking: standard care highest (93.9%) — attributed by the authors to network structure and Certainty: small-study effects likely (Egger p<0.05); overall low GRADE certainty (heterogeneity,

Zhu 2025

Zhu W, Moayedi S, Sethuraman K. Arterial Gas Embolism After CT-Guided Lung Biopsy. Undersea Hyperb Med 2025;52(2):117-120.

Zulfiqar 2025

Zulfiqar A, Spindari K. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Enhances Autologous Bone Graft Integration: A Meta-Analysis. Undersea Hyperb Med 2025;52(4):549–564.

Primary pooled effect SMD 1.476 (95% CI 0.814–2.138) — moderate-to-strong — but substantial heterogeneity (I²≈77%). Orthopaedic subgroup: SMD 1.995 (1.117–2.873), I²=3.4% — stronger and consistent. Maxillofacial data mostly small/uncontrolled/observational; one cranial study negative. Heavy reliance on

Zumstein 2023

Zumstein V, Parsons BA, Dabestani S, et al. The Benefits and Harms of Pharmacological Treatment for Postradiation Pelvic Pain: A Systematic Review by the European Association of Urology Chronic Pelvic Pain Panel with Recommendations for Clinical Practice. Eur Urol Open Sci 2023;56:29–38.

HBO (and formalin) produced beneficial effects on pain, quality of life and functional symptoms in HBO for postradiotherapy anorectal pain "remains controversial"; adverse-event reporting was